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arXiv 1902.01145quant-ph
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绝热开放系统量子热力学及其囚禁离子实验实现

Quantum thermodynamics in adiabatic open systems and its trapped-ion experimental realization

Chang-Kang Hu, Alan C. Santos, Jin-Ming Cui, Yun-Feng Huang, D. O. Soares-Pinto, Marcelo S. Sarandy, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo

摘要:

量子热力学的目的是从量子力学的微观角度研究热力学热力学定律的产生和极限。在这种情况下,没有热交换的热力学过程,即绝热变换,可以通过封闭系统中的量子演化来实现,即使封闭系统的概念总是理想化和近似。在这里,我们首先从理论上讨论了开放量子系统中的热力学绝热过程,由于它与周围环境的相互作用,在退相干下非幺正地演化。从绝热非幺正演化的一般方法,我们建立了热量和工作的基本刘维超算子管理的量子动力学。因此,我们推导出绝热开放系统量子动力学在没有热交换的情况下所隐含的条件,提供了量子绝热性和热绝热性之间的联系。此外,我们确定家庭的散肩系统表现出相同的最大热交换,这意味着在类的热力学绝热开放系统。然后,我们接近的问题实验使用超精细能级量子位的镱$^{171}$ Yb $^+$捕获的离子,它提供了一个工作物质的热力学过程,允许在整个可控的工程动态的热量和内能的分析。

英文摘要:

Quantum thermodynamics aims at investigating both the emergence and the limits of the laws of thermodynamics from a quantum mechanical microscopic approach. In this scenario, thermodynamic processes with no heat exchange, namely, adiabatic transformations, can be implemented through quantum evolutions in closed systems, even though the notion of a closed system is always an idealization and approximation. Here, we begin by theoretically discussing thermodynamic adiabatic processes in open quantum systems, which evolve non-unitarily under decoherence due to its interaction with its surrounding environment. From a general approach for adiabatic non-unitary evolution, we establish heat and work in terms of the underlying Liouville superoperator governing the quantum dynamics. As a consequence, we derive the conditions that an adiabatic open-system quantum dynamics implies in the absence of heat exchange, providing a connection between quantum and thermal adiabaticity. Moreover, we determine families of decohering systems exhibiting the same maximal heat exchange, which imply in classes of thermodynamic adiabaticity in open systems. We then approach the problem experimentally using a hyperfine energy-level quantum bit of an Ytterbium $^{171}$Yb$^+$ trapped ion, which provides a work substance for thermodynamic processes, allowing for the analysis of heat and internal energy throughout a controllable engineered dynamics.

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