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arXiv 1902.00574physics.geo-ph
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地震波形的三维曲率分析及其解释意义

3D Curvature Analysis of Seismic Waveforms and its Interpretational Implications

Haibin Di, Motaz Alfarraj, Ghassan AlRegib

摘要:

曲率分析的思想已经广泛用于从三维(3D)地震资料(例如,断层/裂缝检测和地貌描绘)。然而,这种几何曲率仅利用可用地震信号的运动学信息(双向走时)。在分析动态信息(波形)时,传统方法(例如,复杂的痕量分析)通常是逐迹的,因此不能考虑地震反射体的连续性,并且偏离地质沉积的真实方向,特别是对于陡峭倾斜的地层。本研究建议将3D曲率分析扩展到震测剖面中的波形,这里表示为波形曲率,并研究辅助震波揭示的相关含义。荷兰北海F3地震数据集的应用表明,所提出的波形曲率分析的附加值在四个方面。首先,曲率算子区分凸弯曲和凹弯曲的能力允许通过反射体类型(峰、谷和零交叉)自动分解地震图像,这可以极大地促进计算机辅助层位解释和从3D地震资料建模。其次,符号最小曲率提供了一种新的分析方法,通过搜索与最小波形变化相关的方向来估计基本的和重要的反射层倾角属性。第三,有符号的最大曲率使得沿着反射同相轴的法线方向分析地震信号成为可能。最后,曲率分析提升了地震信号的频带,从而提高了识别和解释精细地震特征的视分辨率。

英文摘要:

The idea of curvature analysis has been widely used in subsurface structure interpretation from three-dimensional (3D) seismic data (e.g., fault/fracture detection and geomorphology delineation) by measuring the lateral changes in the geometry of seismic events. However, such geometric curvature utilizes only the kinematic information (two-way traveltime) of the available seismic signals. While analyzing the dynamic information (waveform), the traditional approaches (e.g., complex trace analysis) are often trace-wise and thereby fail to take into account the seismic reflector continuity and deviate from the true direction of geologic deposition, especially for steeply dipping formations. This study proposes extending the 3D curvature analysis to the waveforms in a seismic profile, here denoted as the waveform curvature, and investigates the associated implications for assisting seismic interpretation. Applications to the F3 seismic dataset over the Netherlands North Sea demonstrate the added values of the proposed waveform curvature analysis in four aspects. First, the capability of the curvature operator in differentiating convex and concave bending allows automatic decomposition of a seismic image by the reflector types (peaks, troughs and zero-crossings), which can greatly facilitate computer-aided horizon interpretation and modelling from 3D seismic data. Second, the signed minimum curvature offers a new analytical approach for estimating the fundamental and important reflector dip attribute by searching the orientation associated with least waveform variation. Third, the signed maximum curvature makes it possible to analyze the seismic signals along the normal direction of the reflection events. Finally, the curvature analysis promotes the frequency bands of the seismic signals and thereby enhances the apparent resolution on identifying and interpreting subtle seismic features.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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