孤电子的连续变量层析成像
Continuous-Variable Tomography of Solitary Electrons
摘要：
描述自由传播粒子波函数的方法将为发展单电子激发的量子信息技术提供有用的工具。以前的连续变量量子断层扫描技术开发来分析电子激发的能量-时间域已被限制到接近费米能级的能量。我们表明，单粒子分布的宽带层析成像是可能的，使用能量-时间滤波和Wigner表示的混合态密度矩阵可以重建由按需单电子源发射的孤电子。这些是高度局部化的分布，与费米海隔离。虽然我们不能解决由于经典涨落的激发的纯态维格纳函数，但我们可以部分解决由发射条件施加的维格纳函数的啁啾和压缩，并量化源的量子性。这种断层扫描方案，当实施足够的实验分辨率，将使量子限制的测量，提供信息的电子相干性和纠缠在单个粒子水平。
英文摘要：
A method for characterising the wave-function of freely-propagating particles would provide a useful tool for developing quantum-information technologies with single electronic excitations. Previous continuous-variable quantum tomography techniques developed to analyse electronic excitations in the energy-time domain have been limited to energies close to the Fermi level. We show that a wideband tomography of single-particle distributions is possible using energy-time filtering and that the Wigner representation of the mixed-state density matrix can be reconstructed for solitary electrons emitted by an on-demand single-electron source. These are highly localised distributions, isolated from the Fermi sea. While we cannot resolve the pure state Wigner function of our excitations due to classical fluctuations, we can partially resolve the chirp and squeezing of the Wigner function imposed by emission conditions and quantify the quantumness of the source. This tomography scheme, when implemented with sufficient experimental resolution, will enable quantum-limited measurements, providing information on electron coherence and entanglement at the individual particle level.
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