对Blazar诱导对束驱动的静电不稳定性的非线性Landau阻尼的再研究
Revisit of non-linear Landau damping for electrostatic instability driven by blazar-induced pair beams
摘要：
我们重新审视的非线性朗道（NL）阻尼的效果上的静电不稳定性的耀变体引起的对光束，使用一个现实的对光束分布。我们采用一个简化的二维模型在${\bf k}$ -空间研究电场谱的演变和计算的弛豫时间的光束。我们证明了2D模型是3D物理的充分表示。我们发现，非线性朗道阻尼，一旦它有效地运作，基本上是整个波的能量传输到小波数的波驱动是弱或不存在。弛豫时间还强烈地依赖于IGM温度$T_\mathrm{IGM}$，并且对于$T_\mathrm{IGM}\ll10$ eV，并且在没有任何其他阻尼机制的情况下，对束的弛豫时间长于逆康普顿（IC）散射时间。弱的后期光束能量损失来自于在小$k$处的波能量的积累，其非线性地消耗在成对光束不稳定性的共振$\mathbf{k}$处的波能量。在小的$k$下操作的任何其他耗散过程将减少该波能消耗，并且因此导致更强的对束能量损失。例如，碰撞会使弛豫时间减少一个数量级，尽管它们的速率非常小。其他非线性过程，如调制不稳定性，可以提供额外的阻尼的非共振波，并显着减少对梁的弛豫时间。精确描述静电波的谱演化是计算电子束对弛豫时间的关键。
英文摘要：
We revisit the effect of non-linear Landau (NL) damping on the electrostatic instability of blazar-induced pair beams, using a realistic pair-beam distribution. We employ a simplified 2D model in ${\bf k}$-space to study the evolution of the electric-field spectrum and to calculate the relaxation time of the beam. We demonstrate that the 2D model is an adequate representation of the 3D physics. We find that non-linear Landau damping, once it operates efficiently, transports essentially the entire wave energy to small wavenumbers where wave driving is weak or absent. The relaxation time also strongly depends on the IGM temperature, $T_\mathrm{IGM}$, and for $T_\mathrm{IGM}\ll10$ eV, and in the absence of any other damping mechanism, the relaxation time of the pair beam is longer than the inverse Compton (IC) scattering time. The weak late-time beam energy losses arise from the accumulation of wave energy at small $k$, that non-linearly drains the wave energy at the resonant $\mathbf{k}$ of the pair-beam instability. Any other dissipation process operating at small $k$ would reduce that wave-energy drain and hence lead to stronger pair-beam energy losses. As an example, collisions reduce the relaxation time by an order of magnitude, although their rate is very small. Other non-linear processes, such as the modulation instability, could provide additional damping of the non-resonant waves and dramatically reduce the relaxation time of the pair beam. An accurate description of the spectral evolution of the electrostatic waves is crucial for calculating the relaxation time of the pair beam.
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