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arXiv 1901.08079cs.CLcs.AIcs.IRcs.LG
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问答的一种语义蕴涵方法

A Question-Entailment Approach to Question Answering

Lister Hill Center, U.S. National Library of Medicine(美国国家医学图书馆李斯特·希尔中心);U.S. National Institutes of Health(美国国立卫生研究院)

Asma Ben Abacha, Dina Demner-Fushman

摘要:

大规模信息检索面临的挑战之一是开发细粒度和特定领域的方法来回答自然语言问题。尽管有大量的资源和数据集可用于答案检索,但由于问题理解和答案提取任务的困难,问答(QA)仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。在质量保证中调查的一个有希望的轨道是将新问题映射到以前回答的“类似”问题。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的QA方法的基础上识别问题蕴涵(RQE),我们描述了QA系统和资源,我们建立和评估真实的医疗问题。首先,我们使用不同类型的数据集比较了RQE的机器学习和深度学习方法,包括开放和临床领域的文本推理,问题相似性和蕴涵。其次,我们结合IR模型与最佳RQE方法来选择隐含问题并对检索到的答案进行排名。为了研究端到端的QA方法,我们建立了MedQuAD集合,其中包含来自可信医疗来源的47,457个问答对,我们在本文的范围内介绍和分享。在TREC 2017 LiveQA中使用的评估过程之后,我们发现我们的方法超过了医疗任务的最佳结果,比最佳官方分数提高了29.8%。评估结果也支持QA的问题蕴涵的相关性,并强调了IR和RQE相结合的有效性,为未来的QA工作。我们的研究结果还表明,依赖于一组有限的可靠的答案来源可以带来实质性的改善医疗QA。

英文摘要:

One of the challenges in large-scale information retrieval (IR) is to develop fine-grained and domain-specific methods to answer natural language questions. Despite the availability of numerous sources and datasets for answer retrieval, Question Answering (QA) remains a challenging problem due to the difficulty of the question understanding and answer extraction tasks. One of the promising tracks investigated in QA is to map new questions to formerly answered questions that are `similar'. In this paper, we propose a novel QA approach based on Recognizing Question Entailment (RQE) and we describe the QA system and resources that we built and evaluated on real medical questions. First, we compare machine learning and deep learning methods for RQE using different kinds of datasets, including textual inference, question similarity and entailment in both the open and clinical domains. Second, we combine IR models with the best RQE method to select entailed questions and rank the retrieved answers. To study the end-to-end QA approach, we built the MedQuAD collection of 47,457 question-answer pairs from trusted medical sources, that we introduce and share in the scope of this paper. Following the evaluation process used in TREC 2017 LiveQA, we find that our approach exceeds the best results of the medical task with a 29.8% increase over the best official score. The evaluation results also support the relevance of question entailment for QA and highlight the effectiveness of combining IR and RQE for future QA efforts. Our findings also show that relying on a restricted set of reliable answer sources can bring a substantial improvement in medical QA.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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