LHCSpin项目
The LHCSpin Project
摘要：
LHCSpin旨在在LHCb光谱仪前安装一个极化气体靶，首次将极化物理引入LHC。该项目将受益于在LHC Long 2002期间在LHCb安装非极化气体靶所取得的经验。LHCb将成为第一个同时在对撞机和固定目标模式下运行的实验，其独特的光谱仪开辟了一个全新的探索范围。LHCSpin将提供一个独特的机会来探测极化夸克和胶子在核子和原子核中的部分子分布，特别是在高$x$和中间$Q^2$，那里的实验数据仍然很大程度上缺失。除了标准的共线部分子分布函数（PDF），LHCSpin将有可能研究多维极化部分子分布，也依赖于部分子横向动量。核子的多维部分子结构的研究，特别是包括极化效应，可以测试我们的知识QCD在一个前所未有的复杂程度，无论是在微扰和非微扰制度。同时，对强子结构的准确认识对于精确测量标准模型（SM）观测量和发现SM之外的物理是必要的。由于强相互作用的复杂性质，进行尽可能广泛的实验测量是必不可少的。理想的情况是有两个相互补充的新项目：一个用于极化电子-质子碰撞的新设施和一个用于极化质子-质子碰撞的新设施。LHCSpin目前是第二类项目最有希望的候选者，超越了现有实验的运动学覆盖范围和准确性，特别是在重夸克领域。
英文摘要：
LHCSpin aims at installing a polarized gas target in front of the LHCb spectrometer, bringing, for the first time, polarized physics to the LHC. The project will benefit from the experience achieved with the installation of an unpolarized gas target at LHCb during the LHC Long Shutdown 2. LHCb will then become the first experiment simultaneously running in collider and fixed-target mode with polarized targets, opening a whole new range of explorations to its exceptional spectrometer. LHCSpin will offer a unique opportunity to probe polarized quark and gluon parton distributions in nucleons and nuclei, especially at high $x$ and intermediate $Q^2$, where experimental data are still largely missing. Beside standard collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs), LHCSpin will make it possible to study multidimensional polarized parton distributions that depend also on parton transverse momentum. The study of the multidimensional partonic structure of the nucleon, particularly including polarization effects, can test our knowledge of QCD at an unprecedented level of sophistication, both in the perturbative and nonperturbative regime. At the same time, an accurate knowledge of hadron structure is necessary for precision measurements of Standard Model (SM) observables and discovery of physics beyond the SM. Due to the intricate nature of the strong interaction, it is indispensable to perform the widest possible suite of experimental measurements. It will be ideal to have two new projects complementing each other: a new facility for polarized electron-proton collisions and a new facility for polarized proton-proton collisions. LHCSpin stands out at the moment as the most promising candidate for the second type of project, going beyond the kinematic coverage and the accuracy of the existent experiments, especially on the heavy-quark sector.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
