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arXiv 1901.07571astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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用最小质量Galerkin的近场宇宙学

Near-Field Cosmology with the Lowest-Mass Galaxies

Daniel R. Weisz, Michael Boylan-Kolchin

摘要:

“近场宇宙学”的前提是,在逐星基础上研究附近的低质量星系,其影响远远超出了本地宇宙,包括暗物质的性质,第一颗恒星的生命和死亡,宇宙再电离,以及整个宇宙时间的星系形成。为了响应Astro 2020对科学白皮书的呼吁,我们提供了近场宇宙学中几个主要问题的高层次概要,未来十年及以后变革性进展的潜力,以及实现这些目标的机制。我们的建议包括:㈠从单个恒星的视线和横向速度的大样本中以及从附近矮星系的空间分辨气体观测中获得运动学信息,以直接为我们了解深度非线性区域中的暗物质相互作用提供信息;和(ii)低质量星系中已分辨恒星的光学成像和紫外线及光学光谱学的密集计划,包括低金属量的大质量恒星和HII区域(这是理解所有早期时期微弱星系的核心)。要实现这些目标,就需要有一个大口径($\gtrsim 9$ m)紫外/光学空间望远镜,社区通过ELT对地基光学光谱学进行双重投资,并在一个10米级望远镜上进行专门的宽视场光谱学调查,还需要有无线电设施,能够测量低质量星系的高精度、空间分辨的旋转曲线。最后,我们建议应认真探讨将HST寿命延长到2025年以后的维修任务。

英文摘要:

The premise of "near-field cosmology" is that the study of nearby low-mass galaxies on a star-by-star basis has implications that extend far beyond the local Universe and include the nature of dark matter, lives and deaths of the first stars, cosmic reionization, and galaxy formation across cosmic time. In response to the Astro2020 call for science white papers, we provide a high-level synopsis of several major questions in near-field cosmology, the potential for transformative progress in the next decade and beyond, and mechanisms for achieving these goals. Our recommendations include: (i) obtaining kinematic information from large samples of individual line-of-sight and transverse velocities of stars and from spatially resolved gas observations in nearby dwarf galaxies to directly inform our understanding of dark matter interactions in the deeply nonlinear regime; and (ii) an intensive program of optical imaging and UV and optical spectroscopy of resolved stars in low-mass galaxies, including low-metallicity massive stars and HII regions (which are central to understanding faint galaxies at all earlier epochs). Realizing these aims requires a large aperture ($\gtrsim 9$m) UV/optical space telescope, a two-fold community investment in ground-based optical spectroscopy through both ELTs and a dedicated wide-field spectroscopic survey on a 10m class telescope, and radio facilities that can measure high-precision, spatially resolved rotation curves of low-mass galaxies. Finally, we suggest that a servicing mission to extend the life of HST beyond 2025 should be seriously explored.

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