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arXiv 1901.04078cs.ITmath.IT
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大规模MIMO系统周期模拟信道估计辅助波束形成

Periodic Analog Channel Estimation Aided Beamforming for Massive MIMO Systems

Vishnu V. Ratnam, Andreas F. Molisch

摘要:

模拟波束成形是一种极具吸引力且具有成本效益的解决方案,可以利用大规模多输入多输出系统的优势,只需一个上/下变频链。然而,当使用传统的数字信道估计(CE)方法时,仅一个链的存在在估计波束成形所需的信道状态信息时强加了显著的开销。作为替代方案,本文提出了一种新的CE技术,称为周期模拟CE(PACE),可以由模拟硬件执行。通过避免数字处理,估计开销显著降低,并且不随天线的数量而缩放。PACE涉及由发射机周期性地发送正弦参考信号,经由模拟硬件在每个接收天线处估计其幅度和相位,并使用这些估计进行波束成形。为了实现这种非平凡的操作,两个参考音恢复技术和一种新的接收机架构的PACE提出和分析,理论和通过仿真。结果表明,在稀疏,宽带信道和高于一定的信噪比,PACE辅助波束成形只遭受一个小的损失,波束成形增益和享有低得多的CE开销,相比传统的方法。还讨论了在初始接入阶段使用PACE辅助波束成形的好处。

英文摘要:

Analog beamforming is an attractive and cost-effective solution to exploit the benefits of massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems, by requiring only one up/down-conversion chain. However, the presence of only one chain imposes a significant overhead in estimating the channel state information required for beamforming, when conventional digital channel estimation (CE) approaches are used. As an alternative, this paper proposes a novel CE technique, called periodic analog CE (PACE), that can be performed by analog hardware. By avoiding digital processing, the estimation overhead is significantly lowered and does not scale with number of antennas. PACE involves periodic transmission of a sinusoidal reference signal by the transmitter, estimation of its amplitude and phase at each receive antenna via analog hardware, and using these estimates for beamforming. To enable such non-trivial operation, two reference tone recovery techniques and a novel receiver architecture for PACE are proposed and analyzed, both theoretically and via simulations. Results suggest that in sparse, wide-band channels and above a certain signal-to-noise ratio, PACE aided beamforming suffers only a small loss in beamforming gain and enjoys a much lower CE overhead, in comparison to conventional approaches. Benefits of using PACE aided beamforming during the initial access phase are also discussed.

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