Tobias A. Eriksson, Benjamin J. Puttnam, Georg Rademacher, Ruben S. Luis, Masahiro Takeoka, Yoshinari Awaji, Masahide Sasaki, Naoya Wada
Crosstalk-induced excess noise is experimentally characterized for continuous-variable quantum key distribution, spatially multiplexed with WDM PM-16QAM channels in a 19-core fiber. The measured noise-sources are used to estimate the secret key rates for different wavelength channels.
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Mitigation of crosstalk and noise in multicore fiber on quantum communication
本文探讨多芯光纤量子通信中的串扰影响，并提出利用相位随机共振现象优化网络参数以提升信噪比。
We present the first quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment over multicore fiber. With space division multiplexing, we demonstrate that weak QKD signals can coexist with classical data signals launched at full power in a 53 km 7-core fiber, while showing negligible degradation in performance. Based on a characterization of intercore crosstalk, we perform additional simulations highlighting that classical data bandwidths beyond 1Tb/s can be supported with high speed QKD on the same fiber.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, QKD protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarisation states, and the transmitted information efficiency of the quantum key is intrinsically limited to 1 bit/photon. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a high-dimensional QKD protocol based on space division multiplexing in multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated lightwave circuits. We successfully realized three mutually unbiased bases in a four-d…
We estimate the channel characteristics of field-installed dark fibers at single photon levels for quantum key distribution (QKD). Measured fibers are telecom single-mode dark fibers over 45 km connecting a center and suburbs of Tokyo. Their total losses are about 14dB, and 50% of the whole lengths are aerial lines. We find that stray light from other public internet fibers is dominant and crosstalk occurs at bending points in laying cables. These results mean the crosstalk from public networks can increase the bit error rate in the QKD system, and imply an underlying information leakage throu…
Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on high-dimensional quantum states have shown the route to increase the key rate generation while benefiting of enhanced error tolerance, thus overcoming the limitations of two-dimensional QKD protocols. Nonetheless, the reliable transmission through fiber links of high-dimensional quantum states remains an open challenge that must be addressed to boost their application. Here, we demonstrate the reliable transmission over a 2 km long multicore fiber of path-encoded high-dimensional quantum states. Leveraging on a phase-locked loop system, a stabl…
We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical signals in a seven-core fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Quantum signals are transmitted in an outer core separately and intercore crosstalk (IC-XT) is the main impairment of them. In order to alleviate IC-XT, we propose a quantum-classical interleave scheme. Then the properties of IC-XT are analyzed based on the measurement results which indicate counter-propagation is a better co-existence method than co-propagation. Finally, we perform QKD experiments in the presence of two classical channels with a channel spac…
High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution via full Core-mode Encoding over Deployed Multicore Fibers
提出并实验演示了直接利用四芯光纤全部芯模的四维量子密钥分发协议，在10 dB信道损耗下实现了迄今最高每脉冲密钥率。
Entanglement manipulation through multicore fibres
本文提出利用多芯光纤中纤芯间串扰作为量子信道，生成两个 qudit 的束缚纠缠态，从而将多芯光纤的应用从量子通信扩展到纠缠态制备。
Noise characterization for co-propagation of classical and CV-QKD signals over fiber and free-space link
本文研究经典信号与CV-QKD信号共传播时的噪声特性，实验表明实时CV-QKD接收机在12.8 km光纤上可达2.9 Mbit/s密钥率，但高发射功率下串扰导致性能下降。
We propose a model, for the first time, to quantitatively estimate the intercore spontaneous Raman scattering (ICSRS) in multicore fber (MCF) based on the characterization of intercore crosstalk (ICXT). Also, we show the propertis of ICSRS through numerical simulations. Then the impact of ICSRS on quantum key distribution (QKD) is evaluated. It is revealed that both the forward-ICSRS and backwardICSRS will reduce the maximum transmisson distance and the forward-ICSRS will reduce more. However, over the range of metropolitan area networks, quantum signals are affected only when the powers of cl…
We propose a quantum access network based on multicore fiber (MCF) to scale up the number of users in quantum key distribution (QKD) networks. The MCF is used as feeder fiber and single core single mode fibers (SSMFs) are used as drop fibers. Quantum signals (QSs) are integrated with classical signals (CSs) in both MCF and SSMFs to save deployment cost since access networks are cost sensitive. Due to the integration, spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) and intercore crosstalk (ICXT) are the main impairment sources to QKD. To alleviate the noise, we propose a core and wavelength assignment schem…
We experimentally characterize photon leakage from 112Gbps data channels in both non-trench and trench-assistant 7-core fibers, demonstrating telecom compatibility for QKD co-existing with high-speed data transmission when a proper core/wavelength allocation is carried out.
We propose a wavelength-saving topology of quantum key distribution(QKD) network based on passive optical elements, and report the field test of this network on the commercial telecom optical fiber. In this network, 5 nodes are supported with 2 wavelengths, and every two nodes can share secure keys directly at the same time. All QKD links in the network operate at the frequency of 20 MHz. We also characterized the insertion loss and crosstalk effects on the point-to-point QKD system after introducing this QKD network.
Hybrid-Integrated InGaAs/InP SPAD Arrays for Quantum Communications
本文提出了一种混合集成InGaAs/InP SPAD阵列，用于实现高性能的量子通信系统，通过解决高频门控、像素间串扰和波导耦合等关键问题，实现了紧凑且高效的QKD接收器。
Sub-femtosecond stabilization of multicore fiber for high-fidelity quantum networking at 100% duty cycle
本文通过多芯光纤的分离但高度相关核心实现量子与经典光共存，达到亚飞秒级稳定，降低串扰光子率，实现100%占空比的高保真量子通信。
Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Settings
本研究针对2×2光学MIMO场景下采用高斯编码等技术的CV QKD展开密钥率分析，验证了存在信道串扰时仍可获复用增益，特定相关噪声下甚至可超越该增益，为恶劣信道下的QKD提供新思路。
Theoretical analysis of quantum key distribution systems when integrated with a DWDM optical transport network
本研究通过理论和数值仿真分析了拉曼散射、四波混频和串扰噪声对三种QKD系统性能的影响，计算了不同信道分配方案下的安全密钥生成率，并基于最大可达距离评估了C波段和O波段的系统表现。
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons presents a degree of freedom for enhancing the secure key rate of free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) through mode-division multiplexing (MDM). However, atmospheric turbulence can lead to substantial modal crosstalk, which is a long-standing challenge to MDM for free-space QKD. Here, we show that the digital generation of time-reversed wavefronts for multiple probe beams is an effective method for mitigating atmospheric turbulence. We experimentally characterize seven OAM modes after propagation through a 340-m outdoor free-space link and obs…
Chip-to-chip entanglement distribution over 80-km multicore fiber link
研究通过硅光芯片在80公里多芯光纤链路上实现路径编码纠缠分发，测量得到85.7%的贝尔态保真度，并在无限密钥极限下获得2.03 bit/s的密钥率，为长距离量子密钥分发提供可行平台。
Opportunistic QKD: Exploiting Idle Capacity of Classical WDM Systems
提出一种机会主义QKD框架，利用经典光纤中的空闲信道进行量子密钥分发，并通过随机流量模型和蒙特卡洛模拟评估性能，发现45-65%的未用频谱可用于QKD，同时定义了可靠性视界以优化缓冲参数。
Optimal wavelength assignment in dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) systems that integrate both quantum and classical channels is studied. In such systems, weak quantum key distribution (QKD) signals travel alongside intense classical signals on the same fiber, where the former can be masked by the background noise induced by the latter. Here, we investigate how optimal wavelength assignment can mitigate this problem. We consider different DWDM structures and various sources of crosstalk and propose several near-optimal wavelength assignment methods that maximize the total secret ke…
A new architecture for high speed core-selective switch for multicore fibers
本研究提出了一种基于多芯干涉的高速芯选择性开关新架构，可在0.7微秒内切换输出，芯间串扰低于-18 dB，首次在真实多芯光纤网络中实现了比现有商业设备快三个数量级的光信号切换。
UAV-Deployed OAM-BB84 QKD: Turbulence- and Misalignment-Resilient Decoy-State Finite-Key Security with AI-Assisted Calibration
本研究提出了一种基于无人机的OAM-BB84量子密钥分发方案，通过AI辅助校准提高湍流和对准抗性，实现更高效的安全密钥率。
A coherent transmission methodology for a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system based on quantum-heterodyne measurement through a coherent intradyne receiver is experimentally demonstrated in the framework of 5G mobile fronthaul links. Continuous optical carrier synchronization is obtained through training information, which is multiplexing to the quantum signal as pilot tone in both, frequency and polarization. Spectral tailoring by means of optical carrier suppression and single-sideband modulation is adopted to simultaneously mitigate crosstalk into the quantum channe…
Quantum Communication Multiplexing in LP-modes Enabled by Photonic Lanterns
本文提出利用光子灯笼在少模光纤中实现LP模式复用的QKD系统，通过精确偏振控制抑制QBER，并在24公里、5 dB损耗链路上实现2.34 Mbps的SKR。
Mode-tunable inter-core coupling of photon-number-resolved quantum light in a telecom multicore fiber
该研究在电信级39芯光纤中实现光子数分辨量子光的模可调芯间耦合，通过制备LP01-LP11相干叠加态，利用模式耦合速率差异实现3.9-13.1%的耦合调谐，并验证了传播的光子数无关性。
Fast Adaptive Optics for High-Dimensional Quantum Communications in Turbulent Channels
本研究采用高速自适应光学系统实时校正湍流信道中的波前畸变，显著提高了高维QKD的空间模式耦合效率，降低了串扰和量子d比特错误率，使原本无法实现的安全通信成为可能。
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons is a promising degree of freedom for high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD). However, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence is a persistent challenge in OAM QKD systems operating over free-space communication channels. In contrast to previous works focusing on correcting static simulated turbulence, we investigate the performance of OAM QKD in real atmospheric turbulence with real-time adaptive optics (AO) correction. We show that, even our AO system provides a limited correction, it is possible to mitigate t…
Measurement-device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol operation in optical transport networks
本文数值分析了拉曼散射等噪声对MDI CV-QKD系统的影响，提供了系统与噪声的数学模型，并估算安全密钥生成率以评估其在电信网络DWDM系统中的运行特征。
Secure Quantum Metasurfaces for Direct Quantum Key Distribution Measurements
本文提出用超表面直接实现QKD测量，设计亚波长多波长孔径映射BB84协议，实现高保真、低误码的紧凑被动接收器，为小型化QKD设备开辟新路径。
The feasibility of coexisting a quantum channel with carrier-grade classical optical channels over Hollow Core Nested Antiresonant Nodeless Fibre (HC-NANF) is experimentally explored for the first time in terms of achievable quantum bit error rate (QBER), secret key rate (SKR) as well as classical signal bit error rates (BER). A coexistence transmission of 1.6 Tbps is achieved for the classical channels simultaneously with a quantum channel over a 2 km-long HC-NANF with a total coexistence power of 0 dBm. To find the best and worst wavelength position for the classical channels, we simulated d…
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