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arXiv 1901.03338astro-ph.HE
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根据不同的核蜕变和空气簇射模型对俄歇数据和宇宙成因中微子的新看法

A new view on Auger data and cosmogenic neutrinos in light of different nuclear disintegration and air-shower models

Jonas Heinze, Anatoli Fedynitch, Denise Boncioli, Walter Winter

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21 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
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摘要：

我们研究了皮埃尔俄歇天文台的超高能宇宙线（UHECR）数据的潜在加速器候选人和宇宙成因中微子通量的核衰变和空气簇射模型的不同组合的影响。我们利用最新的光谱和质量组成数据（2017年），使用一种新的计算效率非常高的模拟代码PriNCe。我们扩展了最初由Pierre Auger合作开发的系统框架，并将宇宙源演化作为额外的自由参数。在这个框架中，广义UHECR加速器的合奏的特点是由一个通用的光谱指数（等于所有注入物种），最大刚度，和五个核元素组的归一化。我们发现，2017年的数据有利于重元素（铁）在源头的贡献较小但有限。我们证明，结果适度依赖于核衰变（PSB，花生，或Talys）模型，更强烈的空气淋浴（EPOS-LHC，Sibyll-2.3，或QGSjet-II-04）模型。这些模型的变化导致不同的源演化和光谱指数，限制了对特定类别宇宙加速器的解释。更好的约束参数包括最大刚度和源处的质量组成。因此，宇宙成因中微子通量可以被稳健地预测，因为它起源于与宇宙红外背景的相互作用，峰值位于$10^8 \, \mathrm{GeV}$。取决于高红移的源演化，在大多数情况下，未来的中微子观测站可能无法获得通量，并且如果不假设源的宇宙学分布，就不能从数据中声称最小的宇宙成因中微子通量。

英文摘要：

We study the implications of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) data from the Pierre Auger Observatory for potential accelerator candidates and cosmogenic neutrino fluxes for different combinations of nuclear disintegration and air-shower models. We exploit the most recent spectral and mass composition data (2017) with a new, computationally very efficient simulation code PriNCe. We extend the systematic framework originally developed by the Pierre Auger Collaboration with the cosmological source evolution as an additional free parameter. In this framework, an ensemble of generalized UHECR accelerators is characterized by a universal spectral index (equal for all injection species), a maximal rigidity, and the normalizations for five nuclear element groups. We find that the 2017 data favor a small but constrained contribution of heavy elements (iron) at the source. We demonstrate that the results moderately depend on the nuclear disintegration (PSB, Peanut, or Talys) model, and more strongly on the air-shower (EPOS-LHC, Sibyll-2.3, or QGSjet-II-04) model. Variations of these models result in different source evolutions and spectral indices, limiting the interpretation in terms of a particular class of cosmic accelerators. Better constrained parameters include the maximal rigidity and the mass composition at the source. Hence, the cosmogenic neutrino flux can be robustly predicted, since it originates from interactions with the cosmic infrared background and peaks at $10^8 \, \mathrm{GeV}$. Depending on the source evolution at high redshifts the flux is likely out of reach of future neutrino observatories in most cases, and a minimal cosmogenic neutrino flux cannot be claimed from data without assuming a cosmological distribution of the sources.

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