A Fast Very High Energy $γ$-ray Flare from BL Lacertae during a Period of Multiwavelength activity in June 2015
MAGIC Collaboration, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barri… 展开作者
MAGIC Collaboration, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D'Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, E. Do Souto Espiñera, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, A. Fernández-Barral, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, S. Gallozzi, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinović, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuveždić, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, A. López-Oramas, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, M. Nöthe, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, G. Pedaletti, P. Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, J. R. Garcia, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Somero, A. Stamerra, M. Strzys, T. Surić, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, S. Tsujimoto, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zarić, F. D'Ammando, K. Hada, S. Jorstad, A. P. Marscher, M. Z. Mobeen, V. M. Larionov, G. A. Borman, T. S. Grishina, E. N. Kopatskaya, D. A. Morozova, A. A. Nikiforova, A. Lähteenmäki, M. Tornikoski, I. Agudo
The mechanisms producing fast variability of the $γ$-ray emission in active galactic nuclei are under debate. The MAGIC telescopes detected a fast very high energy (VHE, E$>100$ GeV) $γ$-ray flare from BL Lacertae on 2015 June 15. The flare had a maximum flux of $(1.5\pm 0.3)\times 10^{-10}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and halving time of $26\pm8$ minutes. The MAGIC observations were triggered by a high state in the optical and high energy (HE, E$>100$ MeV) $γ$-ray bands. In this paper we present the MAGIC VHE $γ$-ray data together with multiwavelength data from radio, optical, X-rays, and HE $γ$ rays from 2015 May 1 to July 31. Well-sampled multiwavelength data allow us to study the variability in detail and compare it to the other epochs when fast VHE $γ$-ray flares have been detected from this source. Interestingly, we find that the behaviour in radio, optical, X-rays and HE $γ$-rays is very similar to two other observed VHE $γ$-ray flares. In particular, also during this flare there was an indication of rotation of the optical polarization angle and of activity at the 43\,GHz core. These repeating patterns indicate a connection between the three events. We also test modelling of the spectral energy distribution, based on constraints from the light curves and VLBA observations, with two different geometrical setups of two-zone inverse Compton models. In addition we model the $γ$-ray data with the star-jet interaction model. We find that all of the tested emission models are compatible with the fast VHE $γ$-ray flare, but all have some tension with the multiwavelength observations.
VERITAS and Multiwavelength Observations of the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 1741+196
我们提出的BL蝎虎天体1ES 1741+196的多波长观测的结果,包括结果在非常高的能量$γ$射线制度使用非常高能辐射成像望远镜阵列系统(VERITAS)。VERITAS的时间平均光谱,测得的180 GeV以上,是很好的模拟幂律与光谱指数$2.7\pm0.7_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm0.2_{\mathrm{syst}}$。180 GeV以上的积分通量为$(3.9\pm0.8_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm1.0_{\mathrm{syst}})\times 10^{-8}$ m $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$,平均相当于蟹状星云通量的1.6%。该源的多波长光谱能量分布表明,1ES 1741+196是一个极高频率峰值BL蝎虎族天体。本文所分析的观测时间跨度为六年,在此期间,在任何波段都没有观测到强烈的耀斑。因此,这种分析是在非耀斑状态下的耀变体的少数特征之一。
A Multiwavelength Study of a Long-Duration VHE Flare from BL Lacertae with VERITAS
CP3-Origins, University of Southern Denmark(南丹麦大学);DePauw University(迪堡大学);Temple University(天普大学);University of Utah(犹他大学);Washington University(华盛顿大学);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);California Polytechnic State University(加州州立理工大学);Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校粒子物理研究所及物理系)
Multiple Components and Spectral Evolution of BL Lacertae as Revealed by Multiwavelength Variability and SED Modeling
School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学物理与天文学院);Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究所);College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University(湖北民族大学智能系统科学与工程学院)
The faint voice of a radio-weak BL Lacertae: modeling the broadband emission of WISE~J141046.00+740511.2
Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (IFIMAR), CONICET-UNMdP(马德普拉塔物理研究所 (IFIMAR),阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-马德普拉塔国立大学);Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata(马德普拉塔国立大学理学院物理系);Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata(拉普拉塔国立大学天文与地球物理学院);Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP(阿根廷射电天文研究所,阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-布宜诺斯艾利斯省研究委员会-拉普拉塔国立大学);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所空间科学与天体物理观测台)
Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 in 2005 - 2006
自2005年9月以来,惠普尔10米伽马射线望远镜主要作为耀变体监测器运行。惠普尔天文台已经探测到的五颗北半球耀变体,即Markarian 421、H1426+428、Markarian 501、1 ES 1959+650和1 ES 2344+514,每晚都会进行常规监测,以确保它们是可见的。我们报告的Markarian 421观测从2005年11月至2006年6月在伽马射线,X射线,光学和无线电波段。在此期间,发现Markarian 421在探测的所有波长下都是可变的。详细研究了不同能区之间的变化和相关性。一个试探性的相关性,与大的扩展,测量之间的X射线和伽马射线带,而没有明确的相关性是明显的其他能带。除此之外,Markarian 421(1101+384)的良好采样的光谱能量分布是为三个不同的活动水平。其他blazar目标的观测结果将单独报告。
MAGIC search for VHE $γ$-ray emission from AE Aquarii in a multiwavelength context
It has been claimed that the nova-like cataclysmic variable (CV) AE Aquarii (AE Aqr) is a very-high-energy (VHE, $E>$ 100 GeV) source both on observational and theoretical grounds. We aim to search for VHE gamma-ray emission from AE Aqr during different states of the source at several wavelengths to confirm or rule out previous claims of detection of gamma-ray emission from this object. We report on observations of AE Aqr performed by MAGIC. The source was observed during 12 hours as part of a multiwavelength campaign carried out between May and June 2012 covering the optical, X-ray, and gamma…
A two-zone photohadronic interpretation of the EHBL-like behavior of the 2016 multi-TeV flares of 1ES 1959+650
高能量峰值的耀变体1 ES 1959+650是一个著名的和研究得很好的附近耀变体,它经历了几次多TeV的耀斑。2002年,首次从这颗耀变体观测到了TeV孤儿耀斑。在2016年4月29日至11月21日的多波长活动期间,MAGIC望远镜在2016年6月13日,14日和7月1日的夜晚观察到多TeV耀斑,当时发现同步加速器峰值的位置高于$10^{17}$ Hz。还观察到的是,光谱能量分布的第二峰向更高的能量移动,并表现出极端的HBL样行为。利用成功模拟了包括1 ES 1959+650在内的多个高能耀变体的多TeV耀斑的光强子模型,对2016年的耀斑事件进行了研究。观察到光强子模型不能解释观测到的光谱。在这里,我们使用一个两区光强子模型来解释所观察到的光谱。我们清楚地表明,低能量区(区-1)的光谱对应的标准耀斑事件的高能blazar和高能量区(区-2)的光谱是完全由于极端性质的耀斑事件。我们的双区光强子模型很好地解释了MAGIC望远镜观测到的多TeV耀斑事件。
Multi-wavelength study of flaring activity in HBL 1ES 1959+650 during 2015-16
我们介绍了2015年1月至2016年6月期间对HBL 1 ES 1959+650的耀斑活动进行多波长研究的结果。该源经历了显着的通量增强,显示出光学,紫外线,X射线和伽马射线的两次主要爆发(2015年3月和2015年10月)。通常情况下,HBL不是很活跃,但1 ES 1959+650在整个电磁波谱(EMS)中显示出异常的爆发活动。我们使用了Fermi-LAT,Swift-XRT和UVOT的数据和Mt. Abu Reid天文台(MIRO)的数据以及Steward天文台的档案数据,以寻找不同能量的排放与耀斑状态期间可变性性质之间的可能联系。在2015年10月爆发期间,13个夜晚的光学跟踪观测显示,最亮和最暗的夜间平均V波段震级分别为14.45(0.03)和14.85(0.02)。在光学上,该源在爆发期间显示出光学夜间变化的暗示。还注意到MJD 57344至MJD 57365期间的光学和MJD 57360和MJD 57365期间的伽马射线存在显著的短期变化。多波长研究表明,耀斑活动在所有频率的相关性一般,虽然不同的耀斑持续时间。我们估计的磁场的强度为4.21 G使用的同步辐射冷却时间尺度(2.34小时)之间的光学和紫外波段的时间滞后。使用最短的变化时间尺度,伽马射线和光学发射区的大小上限估计为10^16 cm量级。在15 GHz和VHE伽马射线发射的准同步通量增强表明,新鲜的等离子体注入…