水模型冰在下弯过程中的非线性行为
The non-linear behavior of aqueous model ice in downward flexure
摘要：
由于水模型冰被广泛用于冰槽试验中，以研究船体在片冰中的性能，因此，这种模型冰必须复制海冰和淡水冰片的主要弯曲强度行为。冰槽使用各种类型的水模型冰，每种冰都含有盐水掺杂剂，以缩小冰盖强度。然而，掺杂剂在模型冰盖的比例弯曲行为中引入了非线性趋势，并且可以影响船体和结构的冰载荷和冰碎石。本文分析了模型冰的非线性弯曲行为，表明所有类型的冰都表现出非线性弯曲行为，与晶体结构或化学掺杂无关。这种行为是由于塑性和垂直变化的刚度和强度通过片的模型冰。此外，在模型冰盖的顶层的问题的形成被证明有一个更大的影响表的行为比文献报告迄今为止。关于冰盖内盐水掺杂剂的冻结和移动及其对非线性行为的影响，仍然存在着重大的知识缺口。此外，还发现估算模型冰柯西数的Hertz方法不能反映模型冰的实际变形行为，应加以修正。
英文摘要：
As aqueous model ice is used extensively in ice tanks tests on the performance of ship hulls in sheet ice, it is imperative that such model ice replicate the main flexural strength behavior of sheets of sea ice and freshwater ice. Ice tanks use various types of aqueous model ice types, each of which contain brine dopants to scale-reduce ice-sheet strength. Dopants, though, introduce non-linear trends in the scaled flexural behavior of model ice sheets, and can affect ice loads and ice-rubble at ship-hulls and structures. This paper analyzes the non-linear behavior of model ices, and shows that all types behave non-linearly in flexure independent from crystal structure or chemical dopant. Such behavior is attributable to plasticity and vertical variations in stiffness and strength through sheets of model ice. Additionally, the problematic formation of a top layer in model ice sheets is shown to have a greater impact of sheet behavior than the literature reports heretofore. There remains a significant knowledge gap regarding the freezing and movement of brine dopants within ice sheets and their impact on the non-linear behavior. Additionally, it is found that the Hertz method for estimating the Cauchy number of model ice does not reflect the actual deformation behavior of model ice and should be revised.
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