Enskog-Vlasov方程：描述气体、液体和固体的动力学模型
The Enskog--Vlasov equaton: A kinetic model describing gas, liquid, and solid
摘要：
Enskog-Vlasov（EV）方程是描述气液相变的半经验动力学模型。在EV方程的框架中，这些对应于无限长扰动的不稳定性，当温度下降到某个阈值以下（或密度上升到某个阈值以上）时，在气体状态下发展。在本文中，我们表明，EV方程描述了一个更多的不稳定性，相对于一个有限的波长和发生在一个较高的密度扰动。这种不稳定性对应于流体-固体相变，并且扰动的波长本质上是新兴晶体结构的特征尺度。因此，即使EV模型没有描述固体状态的基本物理，它也可以“模仿”它，因此可以用于涉及液体蒸发和固化的应用。我们的研究结果还预测了一种纯流体在绝对变成固体之前可以过冷到什么程度。
英文摘要：
The Enskog--Vlasov (EV) equation is a semi-empiric kinetic model describing gas-liquid phase transitions. In the framework of the EV equation, these correspond to an instability with respect to infinitely long perturbations, developing in a gas state when the temperature drops below (or density rises above) a certain threshold. In this paper, we show that the EV equation describes one more instability, with respect to perturbations with a finite wavelength and occurring at a higher density. This instability corresponds to fluid-solid phase transition and the perturbations' wavelength is essentially the characteristic scale of the emerging crystal structure. Thus, even though the EV model does not describe the fundamental physics of the solid state, it can `mimic' it -- and, thus, be used in applications involving both evaporation and solidification of liquids. Our results also predict to which extent a pure fluid can be overcooled before it definitely turns into a solid.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
