分子中振荡电场的屏蔽与增强
Screening and enhancement of oscillating electric field in molecules
摘要：
根据希夫定理，原子电子将原子核与外部静态电场完全屏蔽。然而，如果字段是时间依赖的，则情况并非如此。原子中的电子轨道要么在振荡电场的频率偏离原子共振时保护原子核不受电场的影响，要么在振荡电场的频率接近原子跃迁能时增强振荡电场。在分子中，不仅电子态，而且转动和振动态都负责振荡电场的屏蔽。正如本文所示，由于分子的振转态，分子内部低频场的屏蔽比原子内部弱得多。本文系统地研究了双原子分子内部振荡电场在不同频率范围内的屏蔽，当场的频率是振转或电子跃迁频率的量级时。在共振的情况下，我们表明，微波频率电场可能会提高到六个数量级，由于振转状态。我们还导出了多原子分子中振荡电场的屏蔽和共振增强的一般公式。这些结果可能的应用包括核电偶极矩测量和激光激发核反应。
英文摘要：
According to the Schiff theorem, the atomic electrons completely screen the atomic nucleus from an external static electric field. However, this is not the case if the field is time-dependent. Electronic orbitals in atoms either shield the nucleus from an oscillating electric field when the frequency of the field is off the atomic resonances or enhance this field when its frequency approaches an atomic transition energy. In molecules, not only electronic, but also rotational and vibrational states are responsible for the screening of oscillating electric fields. As will be shown in this paper, the screening of a low-frequency field inside molecules is much weaker than it appears in atoms owing to the molecular ro-vibrational states. We systematically study the screening of oscillating electric fields inside diatomic molecules in different frequency regimes,i.e., when the field's frequency is either of order of ro-vibrational or electronic transition frequencies. In the resonance case, we demonstrate that the microwave-frequency electric field may be enhanced up to six orders in magnitude due to ro-vibrational states. We also derive the general formulae for the screening and resonance enhancement of oscillating electric field in polyatomic molecules. Possible applications of these results include nuclear electric dipole moment measurements and stimulation of nuclear reactions by laser light.
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