弱矢量玻色子离壳性质的探索性研究
Exploratory study of the off-shell properties of the weak vector bosons
摘要：
规范不变性要求即使在弱相互作用中，物理的、可观测的粒子也由规范不变的复合算符来描述。这样的算符与描述束缚态的算符具有相同的结构，因此物理版本的$W^\pm$、$Z$和希格斯粒子应该具有某种子结构。为了验证这个结论，我们用格点规范理论研究了离壳物理弱矢量玻色子，特别是它们的形状因子和弱半径，并与基本粒子的结果进行了比较。我们发现，物理粒子显示出实质性的偏离的点状粒子的结构。与此同时，规范相关的基本粒子表现出非物理行为。
英文摘要：
Gauge invariance requires even in the weak interactions that physical, observable particles are described by gauge-invariant composite operators. Such operators have the same structure as those describing bound states, and consequently the physical versions of the $W^\pm$, the $Z$, and the Higgs should have some kind of substructure. To test this consequence, we use lattice gauge theory to study the physical weak vector bosons off-shell, especially their form-factor and weak radius, and compare the results to the ones for the elementary particles. We find that the physical particles show substantial deviations from the structure of a point-like particle. At the same time the gauge-dependent elementary particles exhibit unphysical behavior.
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