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arXiv 1811.00567astro-ph.HE
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射电星系--TeV挑战

Radio galaxies - the TeV challenge

B. Rani

摘要:

在过去的十年里,我们对γ射线天空的了解已经被地面和空间观测站彻底改变,它们探测到了高达数百万亿电子伏(TeV)能量的光子。$γ$射线明亮天体的主要群体是活动星系核(AGN),它们的相对论喷流指向我们的视线。伽玛射线辐射也可以从附近的活动星系核(如射电星系)中探测到。虽然TeV探测到的射电星系(TeVRad)仅构成γ射线探测到的AGN的一小部分,但它们的多波长研究提供了探测和精确定位高能发射过程和地点的独特机会。即使没有大量的多普勒波束,TeVRad在TeV的天空中也是非常明亮的物体(检测到的光度高达10^{45} erg/s),并且在比事件视界尺度更短的时间尺度上表现出通量变化(通量倍增时间尺度小于5分钟)。由于最近在高分辨率无线电干涉测量(毫米甚长基线干涉测量,毫米VLBI)的成像能力的进步,人们可以探测的尺度下降到不到10个重力半径在TeVRad,使其成为可能,不仅测试喷气发射模型,而且还查明高能量发射网站和解开发射机制。本文综述了TeVRad的高能观测,重点是发射地点和辐射过程。一些最近的方法在模拟也概述。切伦科夫望远镜阵列、短毫米VLBI和高能偏振测量仪器等近期设施的观测将对区分竞争的高能发射模型至关重要。

英文摘要:

Over the past decade, our knowledge of the γ-ray sky has been revolutionized by ground- and space-based observatories by detecting photons up to several hundreds of tera-electron volt (TeV) energies. A major population of the $γ$-ray bright objects are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with their relativistic jets pointed along our line-of-sight. Gamma-ray emission is also detected from nearby mis-aligned AGN such as radio galaxies. While the TeV-detected radio galaxies (TeVRad) only form a small fraction of the γ-ray detected AGN, their multi-wavelength study offers a unique opportunity to probe and pinpoint the high-energy emission processes and sites. Even in the absence of substantial Doppler beaming TeVRad are extremely bright objects in the TeV sky (luminosities detected up to 10^{45} erg/s), and exhibit flux variations on timescales shorter than the event-horizon scales (flux doubling timescale less than 5 minutes). Thanks to the recent advancement in the imaging capabilities of high-resolution radio interferometry (millimeter very long baseline interferometry, mm-VLBI), one can probe the scales down to less than 10 gravitational radii in TeVRad, making it possible not only to test jet launching models but also to pinpoint the high-energy emission sites and to unravel the emission mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the high-energy observations of TeVRad with a focus on the emitting sites and radiation processes. Some recent approaches in simulations are also sketched. Observations by the near-future facilities like Cherenkov Telescope Array, short millimeter-VLBI, and high-energy polarimetry instruments will be crucial for discriminating the competing high-energy emission models.

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