Predicting signals in experiments to directly detect dark matter (DM) requires a form for the local DM velocity distribution. Hitherto, the standard halo model (SHM), in which velocities are isotropic and follow a truncated Gaussian law, has performed this job. New data, however, suggest that a substantial fraction of our stellar halo lies in a strongly radially anisotropic population, the 'Gaia Sausage'. Inspired by this recent discovery, we introduce an updated DM halo model, the SHM$^{++}$, which includes a `Sausage' component, thus better describing the known features of our galaxy. The SHM$^{++}$ is a simple analytic model with five parameters: the circular speed, local escape speed and local DM density, which we update to be consistent with the latest data, and two new parameters: the anisotropy and the density of DM in the Sausage. The impact of the SHM$^{++}$ on signal models for WIMPs and axions is rather modest since the multiple changes and updates have competing effects. The largest change occurs for directional detectors which have sensitivity to the full three-dimensional velocity distribution.
Contribution of Gaia Sausage to the Galactic Stellar Halo Revealed by K Giants and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Gaia
The SkyMapper-Gaia RVS view of the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage -- an investigation of the metallicity and mass of the Milky Way's last major merger
我们的特点盖亚-土卫二香肠运动学结构最近发现的银河系晕使用光度金属丰度从SkyMapper调查,和盖亚径向速度测量的运动学。通过检查的金属丰度分布函数(MDF)的恒星在运动学/动作空间中,我们发现,$\sqrt{J_R}$与$L_z$空间允许最干净的选择盖亚-土卫二-香肠星与最小的污染,从盘或晕星形成的原位或在其他过去的合并。具有$30 \leq \sqrt{J_R} \leq 50$(kpc km s $^{-1})^{1/2}$和$-500 \leq L_z \leq 500$ kpc km s $^{-1}$)的恒星具有以[Fe/H] $= -1.17$ dex为中心的窄色散,色散为0.34 dex。该[Fe/H]估计值比文献估计值(通过$0.1-0.3$ dex)更富含金属。基于MDFs,我们发现,选择盖亚-土卫二-香肠星在其他运动/行动空间没有额外的人口信息导致污染的样本。根据我们的标准选择的干净的盖亚-土卫二-香肠样品略微逆行,位于高$V_T$晕CMD双序列的蓝色序列。使用来自宇宙学模拟的星系质量-金属丰度关系,并假设平均恒星年龄为10 Gyr,我们估计盖亚-土卫二-香肠祖卫星的质量为$10^{8.85-9.85}$ M $_{\odot}$,这与基于光盘动态和模拟的文献估计一致。为了更复杂地选择纯粹的盖亚-土卫二-香肠星,还需要更多关于详细丰度和年龄的信息。
Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) -- III. Age and metallicity distribution of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus stars near the Sun
Universidad de Granada(格拉纳达大学);Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias(理论计算物理卡洛斯一世研究所,理学院);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利群岛天体物理学研究所);Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学天体物理学系);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(博洛尼亚空间天体物理学与科学国家天文台);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系);Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所);Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University(达勒姆大学物理学院计算宇宙学研究所)
Globular clusters of the Gaia Enceladus/Sausage -- I. Orbital and dynamical evolution on cosmological timescales
Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(乌克兰国家科学院主天文台);Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文学中心);Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute(费森科夫天体物理研究所)
Evidence for multiple crossings and stripping of Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage across the Milky Way
INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切尔西天文台);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze(佛罗伦萨大学物理与天文学系);Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所空间科学天文台);INAF - Padova Observatory(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台)
Two faces of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus: Mining the chemical abundance space with graph attention networks
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova(帕多瓦大学物理与天文学系);INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台);INAF - IASF-Milano(意大利国家天体物理研究所米兰天文物理研究所);University of Birmingham(伯明翰大学);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台)
Thick-to-thin disc transition and gas disc shrinking induced by the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger
Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London(伦敦大学学院穆拉德空间科学实验室空间与气候物理);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London(伦敦大学学院物理与天文系);Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University(斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所);Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University(利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学天体物理研究所);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天文学研究所)
Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus: Lithium evolution from early red-giant-branch and main-sequence stars
University of Trieste(的里雅斯特大学);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台);Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen(蒂宾根大学);INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台);Uppsala University(乌普萨拉大学)
Bar Formation During a Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus-like Merger Event
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交大汤川研究所);Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学物理与天文学院天文学系);State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学物理与天文学院暗物质物理国家重点实验室);LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS(巴黎天文台PSL大学CNRS LIRA)
Discovery of a pair of very metal-poor stars enriched in neutron-capture elements: The proto-disk r-II star BPS CS 29529-0089 and the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus r-I star TYC 9219-2422-1
Cluster Ages to Reconstruct the Milky Way Assembly (CARMA). II. The age-metallicity relation of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus globular clusters
Universidade de Vigo(维戈大学);Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学);INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(博洛尼亚天文物理与空间科学研究所);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(罗马天文台);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Abruzzo(阿布鲁佐天文台);INFN - Sezione di Pisa, Universitá di Pisa(比萨大学及意大利国家核物理研究所比萨分部);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利群岛天体物理学研究所);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系);Universidad de Granada(格拉纳达大学)
Evidence of a massive accretion event 1.8 billion years before the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, INAF(博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站,意大利国家天体物理研究所);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学物理与天文系);Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所);Escola de Enxeñaría de Telecomunicación, Universidade de Vigo(维戈大学电信工程学院);Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学);Osservatorio Astronomico di Abruzzo, INAF(阿布鲁佐天文台,意大利国家天体物理研究所);INFN - Sezione di Pisa, Universit(意大利国家核物理研究所比萨分部)
Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal): IV. On the inner Milky Way stellar age distribution
Universidad de Granada(格拉纳达大学);Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional(卡洛斯一世理论与计算物理研究所);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利群岛天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学);Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University(利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学天体物理研究所);Durham University(杜伦大学);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台);INFN, Sezione di Pisa(意大利国家核物理研究所比萨分部);University of Zurich(苏黎世大学);Universidad de La Serena(拉塞雷纳大学);Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Cardiff University(卡迪夫大学)