后牛顿重力磁自旋八极矩的扁圆旋转体和它的影响，轨道上的测试粒子;他们是可测量的太阳系？
The post-Newtonian gravitomagnetic spin-octupole moment of an oblate rotating body and its effects on an orbiting test particle; are they measurable in the Solar System?
摘要：
解析地计算了具有角动量$\boldsymbol{S}$和四极质量矩$J_2$的扩展椭球体的重力磁自旋八极矩引起的轨道效应。我们的结果，成比例的$S J_2 c^{-2}$，保持身体的对称轴$\boldsymbol{\hat{S}}$和测试粒子的一般轨道配置的任意取向。原则上，这种影响可以通过专门的木星航天器任务来测量。对于一个中等偏心和快速的路径，一个专用轨道器的节点和近心点的重力磁进动可以像$400~\textrm{milliarcseconds~per~year}$甚至$1,600-4,000~\textrm{milliarcseconds~per~year}$一样大，这取决于它的轨道平面在空间中的取向。对地球探测器距离变化率信号的数值模拟证实了这种预期，因为它的幅度在仅仅一天后就达到了$\simeq 0.03-0.3~\textrm{millimeter~per~second}$的水平。目前对环绕木星运行的朱诺号航天器进行的双向Ka波段多普勒测量的精度在$1,000$秒后达到$\simeq 0.003~\textrm{millimeter~per~second}$。其他的广义相对论效应也是可以测量的，包括那些与$GMJ_2c^{-2}$成比例的效应，但迄今为止还没有得到检验。由于行星重力场的经典多极，大多数竞争的牛顿信号与后牛顿信号具有完全不同的时间特征，因此可能更容易解开它们。
英文摘要：
We analytically work out the orbital effects induced by the gravitomagnetic spin-octupole moment of an extended spheroidal rotating body endowed with angular momentum $\boldsymbol{S}$ and quadrupole mass moment $J_2$. Our results, proportional to $S J_2 c^{-2}$, hold for an arbitrary orientation of the body's symmetry axis $\boldsymbol{\hat{S}}$ and a generic orbital configuration of the test particle. Such effects may be measurable, in principle, with a dedicated spacecraft-based mission to Jupiter. For a moderately eccentric and fast path, the gravitomagnetic precessions of the node and the pericenter of a dedicated orbiter could be as large as $400~\textrm{milliarcseconds~per~year}$ or even $1,600-4,000~\textrm{milliarcseconds~per~year}$ depending on the orientation of its orbital plane in space. Numerical simulations of the Earth-probe range-rate signal confirm such expectations since its magnitude reaches the $\simeq 0.03-0.3~\textrm{millimeter~per~second}$ level after just 1 day. The precision of the current two-way Ka-band Doppler measurements of the spacecraft Juno, presently orbiting Jupiter, amounts to $\simeq 0.003~\textrm{millimeter~per~second}$ after $1,000$ seconds. Also other general relativistic effects could be measurable, including also those proportional to $GMJ_2c^{-2}$, never put to the test so far. Most of the competing Newtonian signals due to the classical multipoles of the planet's gravity field have quite different temporal signatures with respect to the post-Newtonian ones, making, thus, potentially easier disentangling them.
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