内富勒烯高次谐波的强增强效应
Drastically enhanced high-order harmonic generation from endofullerenes
摘要：
高次谐波产生过程的动态丰富的性质使其自身适合于多种方式来增加光子产率并扩展谐波截止频率。我们在这里表明，高次谐波产生从一个有吸引力的势壳层内的原子可以显示在某些情况下的光子产额显着增加。我们考虑一个内面限制的氢原子在一个C $_{60}$笼作为一个例子，并考虑三个不同的物理情况下，初始状态是（1）完全限制在C $_{60}$，（2）部分外，（3）主要局限于笼壁。我们证明了当原子笼系统在C $_{60}$壳层外具有经典转折点的状态下开始时，与处于相同初始状态的自由原子相比，高次谐波光子产额可以提高4个数量级。我们解释了在每种情况下使用完全三维量子模拟的基本物理机制。这是一个很好的例子，说明原子与纳米结构的直接耦合如何以有趣的方式改变原子中的强场过程。
英文摘要：
Dynamically rich nature of the high-order harmonic generation process lends itself to a variety of ways to increase photon yield and extend the harmonic cut-off frequency. We show here that high-harmonic generation from an atom confined inside an attractive potential shell can show a dramatic increase in the photon yield in certain cases. We consider an endohedrally confined hydrogen atom inside a C$_{60}$ cage as an example, and consider three distinct physical situations in which the initial state is (1) entirely confined inside the C$_{60}$, (2) partially outside, and (3) mainly localized on the cage wall. We demonstrate that when the atom-cage system starts in a state with a classical turning point outside the C$_{60}$ shell, the high-harmonic photon yield can be enhanced up to 4 orders of magnitude when compared with a free atom in the same initial state. We explain the underlying physical mechanisms in each case using fully three-dimensional quantum simulations. This gives a prime example of how directly coupling an atom to a nanostructure can alter strong field processes in atoms in interesting ways.
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