超颖表面中拓扑缺陷的光子偏转和材料损耗下的破缺相变
Definite photon deflections of topological defects in metasurfaces and symmetry-breaking phase transitions with material loss
摘要：
拓扑学和广义相对论的结合可以导致一些深刻而有远见的预测。众所周知，早期宇宙中Higgs真空场的对称性破缺可能导致时空的拓扑缺陷，其非平凡效应可以为宇宙起源提供一些线索。在这里，通过使用人工波导与旋转元表面的约束，时空的拓扑缺陷的非平凡的影响进行了实验仿真。拓扑波导中的光子偏转具有不依赖于入射光子的位置和动量的鲁棒的确定角度。这与平凡空间中的随机光散射有显著的不同。通过包括材料损耗，可以从光子模式的对称性破缺很好地理解这种拓扑效应。我们的技术提供了一个平台，研究光学系统中的拓扑引力。该方法还可以推广到其他许多新颖的拓扑光子器件。
英文摘要：
Combination of topology and general relativity can lead to some profound and farsighted predictions. It is well known that symmetry breaking of the Higgs vacuum field in the early universe possibly induced topological defects in spacetime, whose nontrivial effects can provide some clues about the universe's origin. Here, by using an artificial waveguide bounded with rotational metasurface, the nontrivial effects of a topological defect of spacetime are experimentally emulated. The photon deflection in the topological waveguide has a robust definite angle that does not depend on the location and momentum of incident photons. This is remarkably different from the random optical scattering in trivial space. By including material loss such a topological effect can be well understood from the symmetry breaking of photonic modes. Our technique provides a platform to investigate topological gravity in optical systems. This method can also be extended to obtain many other novel topological photonic devices.
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