开孔聚脲泡沫的吸能与低速冲击响应
Energy Absorption and Low Velocity Impact Response of Open-Cell Polyurea Foams
摘要：
介绍了低密度（140 ~ 220 kg/m ~ 3）聚氨酯泡沫塑料的能量吸收和冲击衰减性能。使用Instron载荷框架在准静态应变率下测量应力-应变行为、能量吸收、缓冲效率和能量返回（回弹性）。此外，根据美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）测试方法F1976研究了聚脲泡沫在5 J和7 J冲击能量下的低速冲击衰减。然后将聚脲泡沫与广泛使用的乙烯乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）和热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）泡沫技术在类似密度下进行比较。在准静态压缩下，PU泡沫显示出5%的缓冲效率增加，并且比TPU和EVA泡沫高30%的能量吸收。在冲击测试下，当与相同厚度（20 mm）的EVA和TPU泡沫相比时，PU泡沫在5 J和7 J下分别导致峰值传递冲击力降低高达28.6%和36.9%。这些特性应允许这些材料具有广泛的缓冲/冲击应用，特别是在保护身体和头盔系统中。
英文摘要：
The energy absorption and impact attenuation of low density polyurea (PU) foams (140 - 220 kg/m3) is presented. The stress-strain behavior, energy absorption, cushioning efficiency, and energy return (resilience) are measured at a quasi-static strain rate using an Instron load frame. In addition, the low velocity impact attenuation of the polyurea foams at 5 J and 7 J impact energies were investigated according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) test methods F1976. The polyurea foams were then compared with widely used ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam technologies at similar densities. The PU foams displayed a 5 % increase in cushioning efficiency and 30 % greater energy absorption over TPU and EVA foams under quasi-static compression. Under impact testing, PU foams resulted in a reduction of up to 28.6 % and 36.9 % in peak transmitted impact forces when compared to EVA and TPU foams of the same thickness (20 mm) at 5 J and 7 J, respectively. These properties should allow these materials to have a wide range of cushioning/impact applications, especially in protective body and headgear systems.
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