薄圆盘上方日冕辐射力驱动风的数值模拟
Numerical simulations of winds driven by radiation force from the corona above a thin disk
摘要：
观测表明，风可以从薄圆盘的最里面区域（在50史瓦西半径内）驱动。研究从最内层区域发射的风是很有趣的。黑洞薄盘上方的热日冕受到薄盘的辐射。我们进行二维流体动力学模拟，以研究在最里面的地区从日冕辐射力驱动的风。活动星系核的硬X射线能谱表明日冕温度约为$10^9$ K，因此我们主要分析了$10^9$ K日冕的风（或外流）的性质。盘的光度在驱动外流中起着重要的作用。圆盘越亮，流出越强。在史瓦西半径为90时，质量流出率（$\dot{M}_{\rm out}$）取决于盘的光度，它可以被描述为$\dot{M}_{\rm out}\propto 10^{3.3 Γ}$（$Γ$是盘光度与爱丁顿光度的比值）。在高光度的情况下（例如$Γ=0.75$），具有最大速度$1.0 \times 10^4$ Km s $^{-1}$的超音速外流在远离极轴的$\sim17^{o}$- $30^{o}$和$\sim50^{o}$ - $80^{o}$处发射。随着外流的向外传播，伯努利参数不断增大。当外流向外移动时，辐射力不断加速外流。因此，我们可以预期流出物会逃离BH引力并进入银河系尺度。外流与星际介质的相互作用可能是活动星系核的一个重要反馈过程。
英文摘要：
Observations show that winds can be driven from the innermost region (inside a 50 Schwarschild radius) of a thin disk. It is interesting to study the winds launched from the innermost region. A hot corona above the black hole (BH) thin disk is irradiated by the disk. We perform two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to study the winds driven by radiation force from the corona in the innermost regions. The hard X-ray spectrum from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) suggests that the corona temperature is about $10^9$ K, so that we mainly analyze the properties of winds (or outflows) from the $10^9$ K corona. The disk luminosity plays an important role in driving the outflows. The more luminous the disk, the stronger the outflows. Mass outflow rate ($\dot{M}_{\rm out}$) at a 90 Schwarschild radius depends on disk luminosity, which can be described as $\dot{M}_{\rm out}\propto 10^{3.3 Γ}$ ($Γ$ is the ratio of the disk luminosity to the Eddington luminosity). In the case of high luminosity (e.g. $Γ=0.75$), the supersonic outflows with maximum speed $1.0 \times 10^4$ Km s$^{-1}$ are launched at $\sim17^{o}$ --$30^{o}$ and $\sim50^{o}$ --$80^{o}$ away from the pole axis. The Bernoulli parameter keeps increasing with the outward propagation of outflows. The radiation force keeps accelerating the outflows when outflows move outward. Therefore, we can expect the outflows to escape from the BH gravity and go to the galactic scale. The interaction between outflows and interstellar medium may be an important AGN feedback process.
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