卫星定向能拦截
Directed Energy Interception of Satellites
摘要：
高功率地球和轨道基定向能系统对地球轨道航天器构成潜在的危险。使用非常高的功率，大口径DE系统来推动航天器正在被追求作为唯一已知的，可行的方法，以实现相对论飞行在我们的NASA星光和突破Starshot计划。此外，其他射束动力飞行任务方案，如轨道碎片清除和我们的美国航天局利用DE为高性能离子发动机飞行任务提供动力的方案，也引起了类似的关注。关键是要用大约2000个活跃的地球轨道航天器来量化DE束的拦截概率和比率。我们利用卫星的轨道参数模拟了卫星对波束的拦截，并计算了我们正在研究的拟议系统的许多场景的拦截可能性。我们能够模拟绝对拦截以及波束到航天器的距离和角度，并模拟了一些场景以获得一般概率。我们已经确定，在任何拟议的任务方案中，任何有源卫星（包括其轨道位置不确定性）的波束拦截概率都很低（$\approx10^{-4}$）。这项工作的结果使我们能够预测何时在没有拦截的情况下为光束提供能量，以及在扩展任务场景中根据需要关闭DE的能力。随着更多的卫星发射，我们的工作可以随时扩展，以适应他们。我们的工作也可以用来预测天文自适应光学导星激光器的拦截以及更一般的激光器的使用。
英文摘要：
High power Earth and orbital-based directed energy (DE) systems pose a potential hazard to Earth orbiting spacecraft. The use of very high power, large aperture DE systems to propel spacecraft is being pursued as the only known, feasible method to achieve relativistic flight in our NASA Starlight and Breakthrough Starshot programs. In addition, other beamed power mission scenarios, such as orbital debris removal and our NASA program using DE for powering high performance ion engine missions, pose similar concerns. It is critical to quantify the probability and rates of interception of the DE beam with the approximately 2000 active Earth orbiting spacecraft. We have modeled the interception of the beam with satellites by using their orbital parameters and computing the likelihood of interception for many of the scenarios of the proposed systems we are working on. We are able to simulate both the absolute interception as well as the distance and angle from the beam to the spacecraft, and have modeled a number of scenarios to obtain general probabilities. We have established that the probability of beam interception of any active satellite, including its orbital position uncertainty, during any of the proposed mission scenarios is low ($\approx10^{-4}$). The outcome of this work gives us the ability to predict when to energize the beam without intercept, as well as the capability to turn off the DE as needed for extended mission scenarios. As additional satellites are launched, our work can be readily extended to accommodate them. Our work can also be used to predict interception of astronomical adaptive optics guide-star lasers as well as more general laser use.
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