用LSST进行找矿期测量--以低质量X射线双星为例
Prospecting Period Measurements with LSST - Low Mass X-ray Binaries as a Test Case
摘要：
大型综合巡天望远镜将对$r$等为$<$ 24的物体的变率特性进行无偏抽样。这将使那些其变化揭示其轨道周期的物体（$P_{orb}$），如低质量X射线双星和有关物体，能够得到更加详细的检查，并进行统一的系统取样。然而，基线LSST观测策略的时间采样并没有优化银河系中的此类工作。在这里，我们评估了四个候选观察策略，测量$P_{orb}$在10分钟到50天的范围内。我们模拟多过滤器静态LMXB光变曲线，包括椭球调制和随机耀斑，然后使用LSST的操作模拟器（OpSim）在（mag，$P_{orb}$）参数空间，并在五个视线采样范围内的可能的红化值。具有正确返回周期的模拟参数空间的百分比范围从当前基线策略的$\sim$ 23%到两个模拟专家策略的$\sim$ 70%。将这些结果与$P_{orb}$分布、模拟的银河系空间分布和变红图进行卷积，我们保守估计，最新版本的LSST基线策略将允许对银河系LMXB种群的$\sim$ 18%进行$P_{orb}$测定，而不减少银河系平面观测的策略可以将其显著提高到$\sim$ 32%。这种增加将允许通过打破文献中建议的$P_{orb}$分布之间的简并来表征完整的二元群体。我们的研究结果可以用于正在进行的评估各种潜在的节奏策略的有效性。
英文摘要：
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will provide for unbiased sampling of variability properties of objects with $r$ mag $<$ 24. This should allow for those objects whose variations reveal their orbital periods ($P_{orb}$), such as low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and related objects, to be examined in much greater detail and with uniform systematic sampling. However, the baseline LSST observing strategy has temporal sampling that is not optimised for such work in the Galaxy. Here we assess four candidate observing strategies for measurement of $P_{orb}$ in the range 10 minutes to 50 days. We simulate multi-filter quiescent LMXB lightcurves including ellipsoidal modulation and stochastic flaring, and then sample these using LSST's operations simulator (OpSim) over the (mag, $P_{orb}$) parameter space, and over five sightlines sampling a range of possible reddening values. The percentage of simulated parameter space with correctly returned periods ranges from $\sim$23 %, for the current baseline strategy, to $\sim$70 % for the two simulated specialist strategies. Convolving these results with a $P_{orb}$ distribution, a modelled Galactic spatial distribution and reddening maps, we conservatively estimate that the most recent version of the LSST baseline strategy will allow $P_{orb}$ determination for $\sim$18 % of the Milky Way's LMXB population, whereas strategies that do not reduce observations of the Galactic Plane can improve this dramatically to $\sim$32 %. This increase would allow characterisation of the full binary population by breaking degeneracies between suggested $P_{orb}$ distributions in the literature. Our results can be used in the ongoing assessment of the effectiveness of various potential cadencing strategies.
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