Integral representation of subharmonic functions and optimal stopping with random discounting
英文摘要：
An integral representation result for strictly positive subharmonic functions of a one-dimensional regular diffusion is established. More precisely, any such function can be written as a linear combination of an increasing and a decreasing subharmonic function that solve an integral equation \[ g(x)=a + \int v(x,y)μ_A(dy) + κs(x), \] where $a>0$, $κ\in \mathbb{R}$, $s$ is a scale function of the diffusion, $μ_A$ is a Radon measure, and $v$ is a kernel that is explicitly determined by the scale function. This integral equation in turn allows one construct a pair $(g,A)$ such that $g$ is a subharmonic function, $A$ is a continuous additive functional with Revuz measure $μ_A$ and $g(X)\exp(-A)$ is a local martingale. The changes of measures associated with such pairs are studied and shown to modify the long term behaviour of the original diffusion process to exhibit transience. Theory is illustrated via examples that in particular contain a sequence of measure transformations that render the diffusion irregular in the limit by breaking the state space into distinct regions with soft and hard borders. Finally, the theory is applied to find an "explicit" solution to an optimal stopping problem with random discounting.
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