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arXiv 1809.01494cs.CLcs.LGstat.ML
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会话式机器阅读中自然语言规则的解释

Interpretation of Natural Language Rules in Conversational Machine Reading

Bloomsbury AI(布卢姆斯伯里人工智能公司);University of California, Irvine(加州大学欧文分校);University College London(伦敦大学学院)

Marzieh Saeidi, Max Bartolo, Patrick Lewis, Sameer Singh, Tim Rocktäschel, Mike Sheldon, Guillaume Bouchard, Sebastian Riedel

摘要:

机器阅读的大部分工作集中在问答问题上,答案直接表达在要阅读的文本中。然而,许多现实世界的问答问题需要阅读文本,不是因为它包含字面答案,而是因为它包含一个配方,以得出答案连同读者的背景知识。一个例子是解释条例的任务,以回答“我能.?或者“我必须......吗?例如“我在加拿大工作。我必须继续支付英国国民保险吗?“在阅读了英国政府网站上关于这个话题的文章后。这项任务既需要解释规则,也需要应用背景知识。实际上,由于大多数问题都没有被详细说明,人工助理将不得不经常提出澄清问题,例如“你在国外工作多久了?“当答案不能直接从问题和文本中得出时。在本文中,我们正式这个任务,并制定了一个众包策略,收集32K任务实例的基础上,现实世界的规则和群众产生的问题和场景。我们分析了这项任务的挑战,并通过评估基于规则和机器学习基线的性能来评估其难度。当不需要背景知识时,我们观察到有希望的结果,并且当需要背景知识时,观察到有很大的改进空间。

英文摘要:

Most work in machine reading focuses on question answering problems where the answer is directly expressed in the text to read. However, many real-world question answering problems require the reading of text not because it contains the literal answer, but because it contains a recipe to derive an answer together with the reader's background knowledge. One example is the task of interpreting regulations to answer "Can I...?" or "Do I have to...?" questions such as "I am working in Canada. Do I have to carry on paying UK National Insurance?" after reading a UK government website about this topic. This task requires both the interpretation of rules and the application of background knowledge. It is further complicated due to the fact that, in practice, most questions are underspecified, and a human assistant will regularly have to ask clarification questions such as "How long have you been working abroad?" when the answer cannot be directly derived from the question and text. In this paper, we formalise this task and develop a crowd-sourcing strategy to collect 32k task instances based on real-world rules and crowd-generated questions and scenarios. We analyse the challenges of this task and assess its difficulty by evaluating the performance of rule-based and machine-learning baselines. We observe promising results when no background knowledge is necessary, and substantial room for improvement whenever background knowledge is needed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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