不同的同质性偏好如何减轻和刺激种族和价值隔离：谢林模型的扩展
How different homophily preferences mitigate and spur ethnic and value segregation: Schelling's model extended
摘要：
在谢林的隔离模型中，两个种族群体的代理人居住在一个规则的网格中，目标是生活在一个与同一种族成员的最小期望比例相匹配的社区中。该模型表明，所观察到的隔离可能是人们在空间限制下追求这种同质性偏好的互动的紧急结果。即使是温和的同质性偏好也会在宏观层面上产生高度的隔离。在现代，种族多元化的社会中，人们可能不会根据种族来定义相似性。相反，对族裔多样性的共同容忍可能发挥更重要的作用，影响社会中的隔离和融合模式。考虑到这一点，我们扩展谢林的模型分为价值导向和种族导向的代理人的人口。使用参数扫描，我们探讨的后果，这两种类型的代理人的相互适应的种族隔离，价值隔离，和人口密度在附近。对同样大小的族裔群体和多数-少数群体的情况审查了这种后果。引入以价值为导向的代理人减少总种族隔离相比，谢林的原始模型，但新的现象的价值隔离似乎比种族隔离更明显。此外，由于交叉感染，更强的种族同质性偏好不仅导致更大的种族隔离，而且也导致更多的价值隔离。宽容行为者更强的价值取向同样导致了种族取向行为者的种族隔离。此外，价值导向的代理人倾向于生活在比种族导向的代理人更多的代理人的社区。在多数族裔-少数族裔的环境中，这种影响对少数族裔的影响似乎比对多数族裔的影响更为严重。
英文摘要：
In Schelling's segregation model agents of two ethnic groups reside in a regular grid and aim to live in a neighborhood that matches the minimum desired fraction of members of the same ethnicity. The model shows that observed segregation can be the emergent result of people interacting under spatial constraints in pursuit of such homophily preferences. Even mild homophily preferences can generate high degrees of segregation at the macro level. In modern, ethnically diverse societies people might not define similarity based on ethnicity. Instead, shared tolerance towards ethnic diversity might play a more significant role, impacting segregation and integration patterns in societies. Bearing this consideration in mind, we extend Schelling's model by dividing the population of agents into value-oriented and ethnicity-oriented agents. Using parameter sweeping, we explore the consequences that the mutual adaptation of these two types of agents has on ethnic segregation, value segregation, and population density in the neighborhood. Such consequences are examined for equally sized ethnic groups and for majority-minority conditions. The introduction of value-oriented agents reduces total ethnic segregation when compared to Schelling's original model, but the new phenomenon of value segregation appears to be more pronounced than ethnic segregation. Furthermore, due to cross-contagion, stronger ethnic homophily preferences lead not only to greater ethnic segregation but also to more value segregation. Stronger value-orientation of the tolerant agents similarly leads to increased ethnic segregation of the ethnicity-oriented agents. Also, value-oriented agents tend to live in neighborhoods with more agents than ethnicity-oriented agents. In majority-minority settings, such effects appear to be more drastic for the minority than the majority ethnicity.
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