用光学显微镜研究水和水溶液的结构组织
A study of structural organization of water and aqueous solutions by means of optical microscopy
摘要：
结果表明，在微观层次上的结构，以前没有详细描述的现象，是水和水溶液的固有属性。在室温条件下，水（包括“超纯”水）和水溶液是分散体系，其中被一层水合水（平均直径约10-15微米）包围的NaCl微晶是“基本微粒”，其形成分散相的基础。被认为是这些微粒的形成和它们的演变过程中的非结构化部分的水-分散介质-蒸发的可能方式。特别是，它们作为气溶胶污染物存在于空气中。当溶液的离子强度增加时，水-盐颗粒聚集，形成新的相-凝聚层，在水的液体部分蒸发后保留在基底上。在液体介质中形成的凝聚层结构的聚集体在加热过程中是无序的，这可能导致水在50°-60 ° C范围内的温度下的许多物理化学性质的变化，这些变化在原子-分子概念的框架中尚未得到正确解释。
英文摘要：
It is shown that structuring at the microlevel, a previously not described in detail phenomenon, is the intrinsic property of water and aqueous solutions. At room conditions water (including "ultrapure" one) and aqueous solutions are dispersed systems in which microcrystals of NaCl, surrounded by a layer of hydrated water (average diameter - 10-15 microns), are "elementary microparticles", which form the basis of the dispersed phase. Possible ways of formation of these microparticles and their evolution in the process of evaporation of unstructured part of water - dispersion medium - are considered. It is shown, in particular, that they are present in the air as aerosol contaminants. When the ionic strength of the solution increases, the water-salt particles aggregate, forming a new phase - coacervates, remaining on the substrate after evaporation of the liquid part of the water. The aggregates of coacervate structures, formed in a liquid medium, are disordered during heating, which can cause a change in a number of physicochemical properties of water at the temperatures of 50°-60°C range that have not been correctly explained in the framework of atomic-molecular concepts.
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