Rough还是Wiggly？膜的拓扑结构和形态学及其污垢控制
Rough or Wiggly? Membrane Topology and Morphology for Fouling Control
摘要：
反渗透膜（ROM）过滤系统广泛应用于废水回收、海水淡化、垃圾填埋场水处理等领域。在过滤过程中，膜污染会显著影响系统性能，导致渗透通量显著下降，同时增加系统运行所需的能量输入。通过研究膜结构、局部流场、局部溶质浓度和污染物吸附模式之间的耦合关系，设计和优化ROM过滤系统，以减少膜污染。然而，目前的研究只集中在过度简化的稳态模型，忽略了任何动态之间的耦合的流体动力学和通过膜的运输，而膜的设计仍然通过试验和错误。在这项工作中，我们开发了一个模型，耦合的瞬态Navier-Stokes和对流扩散方程，以及吸附-解吸方程的污垢积累，我们验证它对不稳定的测量渗透通量以及稳态空间污垢图案。此外，我们分析表明，对于一个直的通道，一个普遍的比例关系之间存在的舍伍德和Bejam数。然后，我们将这一结果推广到膜的形态和/或拓扑修改。我们证明，通用的缩放行为可以通过定义的修改后的雷诺数，占膜修改引入的额外的长度尺度，和膜性能指数，这代表了一个总的效率措施，相对于清洁渗透通量和能量输入操作系统所需的定义。
英文摘要：
Reverse Osmosis Membrane (ROM) filtration systems are widely applied in wastewater recovery, seawater desalination, landfill water treatment, etc. During filtration, the system performance is dramatically affected by membrane fouling which causes a significant decrease in permeate flux as well as an increase in the energy input required to operate the system. Design and optimization of ROM filtration systems aim at reducing membrane fouling by studying the coupling between membrane structure, local flow field, local solute concentration and foulant adsorption patterns. Yet, current studies focus exclusively on oversimplified steady-state models that ignore any dynamic coupling between the fluid dynamics and the transport through the membrane, while membrane design still proceeds through trials and errors. In this work, we develop a model that couples the transient Navier-Stokes and the Advection-Diffusion-Equations, as well as an adsorption-desorption equation for the foulant accumulation, and we validate it against unsteady measurements of permeate flux as well as steady-state spatial fouling patterns. Furthermore, we analytically show that, for a straight channel, a universal scaling relationship exists between the Sherwood and Bejam numbers. We then generalize this result to membranes subject to morphological and/or topological modifications. We demonstrate that universal scaling behavior can be identified through the definition of a modified Reynolds number, that accounts for the additional length scales introduced by the membrane modifications, and a membrane performance index, which represents an aggregate efficiency measure with respect to both clean permeate flux and energy input required to operate the system.
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