新西伯利亚核物理研究所和世界各地电荷交换注入的发展
Development of charge-exchange injection at the Novosibirsk Institute of Nuclear Physics and around the World
摘要：
1960年，俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院核物理研究所开始了质子电荷交换注入加速器的研究。I.巴克尔与VAPP-4质子-反质子对撞机计划的开发有关。由于目的是积累具有最大强度的束，而当时接收到的H-离子束的记录强度仅为70 μA，因此该计划的一个重要部分是开发产生强负氢离子束的方法。将粒子电荷交换注入加速器和储存环是电荷交换技术的重要应用。本文介绍了电荷交换注入技术的发展，它利用射频加速电压补偿电离能损失，直到空间电荷极限。本文描述了在弱聚焦和强聚焦条件下，空间电荷补偿的惯性束流的积累。研究了空间电荷极限以上的循环束流在储存环中的积累。讨论了e-p不稳定性（电子云效应）的观测、解释和衰减。讨论了电荷交换注入技术的最新进展。综述了电荷交换注入中H-的激光电离.
英文摘要：
The study of charge-exchange injection of protons into accelerators started in 1960 at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, as proposed by G. I. Budker in connection with the development of the program of the VAPP-4 proton-antiproton collider. Since the purpose was the accumulation of beams with a maximum intensity, and the record intensity of the H- ion beams received by that time was only 70 μA, an important part of the program was the development of methods to produce intense beams of negative hydrogen ions. Charge-exchange injection of particles into accelerators and storage rings is an important application of the charge-exchange technology. Development of charge exchange injection with compensation of ionization energy loss by RF acceleration voltage up to the space charge limit is presented. Accumulation of coasting beam with space charge compensation with weak focusing and strong focusing is described. Accumulation of circulating beam in a storage ring with intensity above space charge limit is presented. Observation, explanation and damping of e-p instability (electron cloud effect) is discussed. Recent developments of charge exchange injection are discussed. Laser ionization of H- in charge exchange injection is reviewed.
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