Due to the higher wireless transmission rates in the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks, higher computation overhead is incurred in smartphones, which can cause the wireless transmission rates to be limited by the computation capability of wireless terminals. In this case, is there a maximum receiving rate for smartphones to maintain stable wireless communications in 5G cellular networks? The main objective of this article is to investigate the maximum receiving rate of smartphones and its influence on 5G cellular networks. Based on Landauer's principle and the safe temperature bound on the smartphone surface, a maximum receiving rate of the smartphone is proposed for 5G cellular networks. Moreover, the impact of the maximum receiving rate of smartphones on the link adaptive transmission schemes has been investigated. Numerical analyses imply that the maximum receiving rate of smartphones cannot always catch up with the downlink rates of future 5G cellular networks. Therefore, the link adaptive transmission scheme for future 5G cellular networks has to take the maximum receiving rate of smartphones into account.
Crowdsourcing enables the fine-grained characterization and performance evaluation of today's large-scale networks using the power of the masses and distributed intelligence. This paper presents SmartProbe, a system that assesses the bottleneck capacity of Internet paths using smartphones, from a mobile crowdsourcing perspective. With SmartProbe measurement activities are more bandwidth efficient compared to similar systems, and a larger number of users can be supported. An application based on SmartProbe is also presented: georeferenced measurements are mapped and used to compare the performa…
Smartphones have been shipped with multiple wireless network interfaces in order to meet their diverse communication and networking demands. However, as smartphones increasingly rely on wireless network connections to realize more functions, the demand of energy has been significantly increased, which has become the limit for people to explore smartphones' real power. In this paper, we first review typical smartphone computing systems, energy consumption of smartphone, and state-of-the-art techniques of energy saving for smartphones. Then we propose a location-assisted Wi-Fi discovery scheme, …
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the promising wireless networking approaches where a group of wireless devices can establish communication among themselves without any infrastructure. MANET has successfully been implemented in the emergency communication, battlefield and Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) etc. Recently, MANET has also been studied to establish village level off-the-grid telephony system using mobile phones (smartphones). As the mobile phones and other modern electronic devices are increasingly equipped with efficient wireless Wi-Fi devices, phone based MANET implementati…
KTH Royal Institute of Technology（瑞典皇家理工学院）；Watty AB；Purdue University（普渡大学）
This paper introduces Wisture, a new online machine learning solution for recognizing touch-less dynamic hand gestures on a smartphone. Wisture relies on the standard Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength (RSS) using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), thresholding filters and traffic induction. Unlike other Wi-Fi based gesture recognition methods, the proposed method does not require a modification of the smartphone hardware or the operating system, and performs the gesture recognition without interfering with the normal operation of other smartphone applications. We disc…
In this paper, we investigate how to network smartphones for providing communications in disaster recovery. By bridging the gaps among different kinds of wireless networks, we have designed and implemented a system called TeamPhone, which provides smartphones the capabilities of communications in disaster recovery. Specifically, TeamPhone consists of two components: a messaging system and a self-rescue system. The messaging system integrates cellular networking, ad-hoc networking and opportunistic networking seamlessly, and enables communications among rescue workers. The self-rescue system gr…
With the rapid growth of sensor technology, smartphone sensing has become an effective approach to improve the quality of smartphone applications. However, due to time-varying wireless channels and lack of incentives for the users to participate, the quality and quantity of the data uploaded by the smartphone users are not always satisfying. In this paper, we consider a smartphone sensing system in which a platform publicizes multiple tasks, and the smartphone users choose a set of tasks to participate in. In the traditional non-cooperative approach with incentives, each smartphone user gets r…
Live virtual machine migration aims at enabling the dynamic balanced use of the networking/computing physical resources of virtualized data-centers, so to lead to reduced energy consumption. Here, we analytically characterize, prototype in software and test an optimal bandwidth manager for live migration of VMs in wireless channel. In this paper we present the optimal tunable-complexity bandwidth manager (TCBM) for the QoS live migration of VMs under a wireless channel from smartphone to access point. The goal is the minimization of the migration-induced communication energy under service leve…
Energy efficiency is an important performance measure of wireless network protocols, especially for battery-powered mobile devices such as smartphones. This paper presents a new energy-efficient medium access control (MAC) scheme for fully connected wireless ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme reduces energy consumption by putting radio interfaces in the sleep state periodically and by reducing transmission collisions, which results in high throughput and low packet transmission delay. The proposed MAC scheme can also address the energy saving in realtime traffics which require very low packe…
We propose a new scheme for increasing the throughput of video files in cellular communications systems. This scheme exploits (i) the redundancy of user requests as well as (ii) the considerable storage capacity of smartphones and tablets. Users cache popular video files and - after receiving requests from other users - serve these requests via device-to-device localized transmissions. The file placement is optimal when a central control knows a priori the locations of wireless devices when file requests occur. However, even a purely random caching scheme shows only a minor performance loss co…
We present PCach, a smartphone-based approach for relieving the congestion in cellular network resulting from the exponential growth in mobile data traffic. The basic idea underlying PCach is simple: use WiFi to proactively cache content on the smartphone's memory, which otherwise would have been delivered through the cellular network. However, it leads to several challenging questions, including how much mobile data actually flows through cellular networks, how much data can be pre-cached, and when and what to pre-cache. We address these questions progressively using a thorough analysis of us…
Previous contact tracing systems required the users to perform many manual actions, such as installing smartphone applications, joining wireless networks, or carrying custom user devices. This increases the barrier to entry and lowers the user adoption rate. As a result, the contact tracing effectiveness is reduced. Unlike the systems above, we propose a new privacy preserving Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (BLE) contact tracing system that does not require smartphone applications, joining wireless networks, or custom user devices. Our specially built routers seamlessly track smartphones, laptops, smartw…
Various implementations of wireless sensor networks (i.e. personal area-, wireless body area- networks) are prone to node and network failures by such characteristics as limited node energy resources and hardware damage incurred from their surrounding environment (i.e. flooding, forest fires, a patient falling). This may jeopardize their reliability to act as early warning systems, monitoring systems for patients and athletes, and industrial and environmental observation networks. Following the current trend and widespread use of hand held, mobile communication devices, we outline an applicati…
Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASN) is an emerging technology which uses wireless sensors to implement real-time wearable health monitoring of patients to enhance independent living. In this paper we propose a prototype of cloud mobile health monitoring system. The system uses WBASN and Smartphone application that uses cloud computing, location data and a neural network to determine the state of patients.
With most modern smartphones supporting wireless protocols such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or ANT+, the number of networks are growing rapidly. Therefore, collisions among multiple networks need to be considered for choosing the appropriate protocol parameters. With growing numbers of networks, simulations for estimating the collision rate become computationally very complex and lengthy. The large simulation times therefore constitute a major limitation in the analysis of complex cases. In this paper, we present a novel simulation technique which can speed up collision simulations by one or…
TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）；Philipps-Universität Marburg（马尔堡菲利普斯大学）
We present a novel data-driven approach to perform smooth Wi-Fi/cellular handovers on smartphones. Our approach relies on data provided by multiple smartphone sensors (e.g., Wi-Fi RSSI, acceleration, compass, step counter, air pressure) to predict Wi-Fi connection loss and uses Multipath TCP to dynamically switch between different connectivity modes. We train a random forest classifier and an artificial neural network on real-world sensor data collected by five smartphone users over a period of three months. The trained models are executed on smartphones to reliably predict Wi-Fi connection lo…
The conventional outage in wireless communication systems is caused by the deterioration of the wireless communication link, i.e., the received signal power is less than the minimum received signal power. Is there a possibility that the outage occurs in wireless communication systems with a good channel state? Based on both communication and heat transfer theories, a power-consumption outage in the wireless communication between millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) base stations (BSs) and smartphones has been modeled and analyzed. Moreover, the total transmiss…
The apps installed on a smartphone can reveal much information about a user, such as their medical conditions, sexual orientation, or religious beliefs. Additionally, the presence or absence of particular apps on a smartphone can inform an adversary who is intent on attacking the device. In this paper, we show that a passive eavesdropper can feasibly identify smartphone apps by fingerprinting the network traffic that they send. Although SSL/TLS hides the payload of packets, side-channel data such as packet size and direction is still leaked from encrypted connections. We use machine learning t…
In this study, the concept of small worlds is investigated in the context of large-scale wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Wireless networks are spatial graphs that are usually much more clustered than random networks and have much higher path length characteristics. We observe that by adding only few random links, path length of wireless networks can be reduced drastically without affecting clustering. What is even more interesting is that such links need not be formed randomly but may be confined to a limited number of hops between the connected nodes. This has an important practical impl…
Conventional cellular wireless networks were designed with the purpose of providing high throughput for the user and high capacity for the service provider, without any provisions of energy efficiency. As a result, these networks have an enormous Carbon footprint. In this note, we describe the sources of the inefficiencies in such networks. First we quantify how much Carbon footprint such networks generate. We also discuss how much more mobile traffic is expected to increase so that this Carbon footprint will even increase tremendously more. We then discuss specific sources of inefficiency and…
On the Optimizing of Wireless Networks and toward improving the future 5th Generation mobile Network Infrastructure, we propose a novel infrastructure that can be the next Smart City Network. Our proposed Infrastructure takes into consideration most future demands and challenges, includes Capacity, Reliability, Scalability, and Flexibility. To deal with this issues we propose a wireless network infrastructure that is based on latest technologies of Massive MIMO systems. We further extend our infrastructure with many smart features, to be capable of coping with Cloud Computing, Smartphones, IoT…
5G networks mainly rely on infrastructure-centric cellular solutions to address data traffic and service demands. Continuously scaling infrastructure-centric cellular networks is not exempt of challenges, and beyond 5G networks should consider the active coexistence and coordination of infrastructure-centric and device-centric wireless networks. Device-centric wireless networks will build from D2D and MCNs. Device-centric wireless networks can push the limits of edge computing and networking to smart devices (including smartphones, vehicles, machines and robots), and exploit their mobile compu…
Recently, the way people consume video content has been undergoing a dramatic change. Plain TV sets, that have been the center of home entertainment for a long time, are losing grounds to Hybrid TV's, PC's, game consoles, and, more recently, mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones. The new predominant paradigm is: watch what I want, when I want, and where I want. The challenges of this shift are manifold. On the one hand, broadcast technologies such as DVB-T/C/S need to be extended or replaced by mechanisms supporting asynchronous viewing, such as IPTV and video streaming over best-effo…
We consider a group of neighboring smartphone users who are roughly at the same time interested in the same network content, called common interests. However, ever-increasing data traffic challenges the limited capacity of base-stations (BSs) in wireless networks. To better utilize the limited BSs' resources under unreliable wireless networks, we propose local common-interests sharing (enabled by D2D communications) by motivating the physically neighboring users to form a social group. As users are selfish in practice, an incentive mechanism is needed to motivate social grouping. We propose a …
This paper describes about how you can secure your Wireless Network from hackers about various threats to wireless networks, How hackers makes most use of it and what are the security steps one should take to avoid becoming victim of such attacks. There are plenty of opportunities to connect to public Wi-Fi hotspots when you're on the go these days. Coffee shops, hotels, restaurants and airports are just some of the places where you can jump online, but often these networks are open and not secure. Whether you're using a laptop, tablet or smartphone, you'll want to connect your device securely…
Reducing CO2 emissions is an important global environmental issue. Over the recent years, wireless and mobile communications have increasingly become popular with consumers. An increasingly popular type of wireless access is the so-called Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) that provide wireless connectivity through much cheaper and more flexible backhaul infrastructure compared with wired solutions. Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is an emerging new technology which is being adopted as the wireless internetworking solution for the near future. Due to increased energy consumption in the information and …
In recent years, significant attention has been directed toward the fifth generation of wireless broadband connectivity known as `5G`, currently being deployed by Mobile Network Operators. Surprisingly, there has been considerably less attention paid to `Wi-Fi 6`, the new IEEE 802.1ax standard in the family of Wireless Local Area Network technologies with features targeting private, edge-networks. This paper revisits the suitability of cellular and Wi-Fi in delivering high-speed wireless Internet connectivity. Both technologies aspire to deliver significantly enhanced performance, enabling eac…
This paper describes a strategy that was designed, implemented, and presented at the {\it Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Interoperability and Cooperation (MANIAC) Challenge 2013}. The theme of the MANIAC Challenge 2013 was ``Mobile Data Offloading,'' and consisted on developing and comparatively evaluating strategies to offload infrastructure access points via customer ad hoc forwarding using handheld devices (e.g., tablets and smartphones). According to the challenge rules, a hop-by-hop bidding contest (or ``auction'') should decide the path of each data packet towards its destination. Consequently…
Wireless sensor networks are finally becoming a reality. In this paper, we present a scalable architecture for using wireless sensor networks in combination with wireless Ethernet networks to provide a complete end-to-end solution to narrow the gap between the low-level information and context awareness. We developed and implemented a complete proximity detector in order to give a wearable computer, such as a PDA, location context. Since location is only one element of contextawareness, we pursued utilizing photo sensors and temperature sensors in learning as much as possible about the environ…
Intersession network coding (NC) can provide significant performance benefits via mixing packets at wireless routers; these benefits are especially pronounced when NC is applied in conjunction with intelligent link scheduling. NC however imposes certain processing operations, such as encoding, decoding, copying and storage. When not utilized carefully, all these operations can induce tremendous processing overheads in practical, wireless, multi-rate settings. Our measurements with prior NC implementations suggest that such processing operations severely degrade the router throughput, especiall…
In the recent evolution of wireless technologies, the power management has been a worrying factor. In order to overcome the power shortage, steps are taken to find new kind of energy harvesting methods, power attenuation reduction methods and power saving techniques. Wireless routers even though consume not much of power, battery powered devices require a lot. Omni directional antenna embedded with multiple antennae focusing the beam of radio wave signals in the direction of nodes with least transmission angle can be a solution for this problem which is called as "Smart Antenna". To reduce pow…
In millimeterWave wireless networks the rapidly varying wireless channels demand fast and dynamic resource allocation mechanisms. This challenge is hereby addressed by a distributed approach that optimally solves the fundamental resource allocation problem of joint client association and relaying. The problem is posed as a multi assignment optimization, for which a novel solution method is established by a series of transformations that lead to a tractable minimum cost flow problem. The method allows to design distributed auction solution algorithms where the clients and relays act asynchronou…
Performance characterization is a fundamental issue in wireless networks for real time routing, wireless network simulation, and etc. There are four basic wireless operations that are required to be modeled, i.e., unicast, anycast, broadcast, and multicast. As observed in many recent works, the temporal and spatial distribution of packet receptions can have significant impact on wireless performance involving multiple links (anycast/broadcast/multicast). However, existing performance models and simulations overlook these two wireless behaviors, leading to biased performance estimation and simu…
For stationary wireless ad hoc networks, one of the key challenging issues in routing and multicasting is to conserve as much energy as possible without compromising path efficiency measured as end-to-end delay. In this paper, we address the problem of path efficient and energy aware multicasting in static wireless ad hoc networks. We propose a novel distributed scalable algorithm for finding a virtual multicast backbone (VMB). Based on this VMB, we have further developed a multicasting scheme that jointly improves path efficiency and energy conservation. By exploiting inherent broadcast advan…
In the wireless network applications, such as routing decision, network selection, etc., the Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) has been widely used. The MADM approach can address the multi-objective decision making issues effectively.However, when the parameters vary greatly, the traditionalMADM algorithm is not effective anymore. To solve this problem,in this paper, we propose the pairwise-based MADM algorithm.In the PMADM, only two nodes utilities are calculated and compared each time. The PMADM algorithm is much more accurate than the traditional MADM algorithm. Moreover, we also prove…
Southeast University（东南大学）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；Shandong University（山东大学）；ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）；Shanghai Jiaotong University（上海交通大学）；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)（中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所）
The standardization process of the fifth generation (5G) wireless communications has recently been accelerated and the first commercial 5G services would be provided as early as in 2018. The increasing of enormous smartphones, new complex scenarios, large frequency bands, massive antenna elements, and dense small cells will generate big datasets and bring 5G communications to the era of big data. This paper investigates various applications of big data analytics, especially machine learning algorithms in wireless communications and channel modeling. We propose a big data and machine learning e…
Battery aging is one of the major concerns for the pervasive devices such as smartphones, wearables and laptops. Current battery aging mitigation approaches only partially leverage the available options to prolong battery lifetime. In this regard, we claim that wireless crowd charging via network-wide smart charging protocols can provide a useful setting for applying battery aging mitigation. In this paper, for the first time in the state-of-the-art, we couple the two concepts and we design a fine-grained battery aging model in the context of wireless crowd charging, and two network-wide proto…
An overarching issue in resource management of wireless networks is assessing their capacity: How much communication can be achieved in a network, utilizing all the tools available: power control, scheduling, routing, channel assignment and rate adjustment? We propose the first framework for approximation algorithms in the physical model that addresses these questions in full, including rate control. The approximations obtained are doubly logarithmic in the link length and rate diversity. Where previous bounds are known, this gives an exponential improvement. A key contribution is showing that…
The traffic in wireless networks has become diverse and fluctuating both spatially and temporally due to the emergence of new wireless applications and the complexity of scenarios. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze the impact of the wireless traffic, which fluctuates both spatially and temporally, on the performance of the wireless networks. Specially, we propose to combine the tools from stochastic geometry and queueing theory to model the spatial and temporal fluctuation of traffic, which to our best knowledge has seldom been evaluated analytically. We derive the spatial…
Wireless communications for status update are becoming increasingly important, especially for machine-type control applications. Existing work has been mainly focused on Age of Information (AoI) optimizations. In this paper, a status-aware predictive wireless interface design, networking and implementation are presented which aim to minimize the status recovery error of a wireless networked system by leveraging online status model predictions. Two critical issues of predictive status update are addressed: practicality and usefulness. Link-level experiments on a Software-Defined-Radio (SDR) tes…
The stateless, low overhead and distributed nature of the Geographic routing protocols attract a lot of research attentions recently. Since the geographic routing would face void problems, leading to complementary routing such as perimeter routing which degrades the performance of geographic routing, most research works are focus on optimizing this complementary part of geographic routing to improve it. The greedy forwarding part of geographic routing provides an optimal routing performance in terms of path stretch. If the geographic routing could adapt the greedy forwarding more, its performa…
The resource allocation problem of optimal assignment of the clients to the available access points in 60 GHz millimeterWave wireless access networks is investigated. The problem is posed as a multiassignment optimisation problem. The proposed solution method converts the initial problem to a minimum cost flow problem and allows to design an efficient algorithm by a combination of auction algorithms. The solution algorithm exploits the network optimization structure of the problem, and thus is much more powerful than computationally intensive general-purpose solvers. Theoretical and numerical …
An overarching issue in resource management of wireless networks is assessing their capacity: How much communication can be achieved in a network, utilizing all the tools available: power control, scheduling, routing, channel assignment and rate adjustment? We propose the first framework for approximation algorithms in the physical model of wireless interference that addresses these questions in full. The approximations obtained are at most doubly logarithmic in the link length and rate diversity. Where previous bounds are known, this gives an exponential improvement (or better). A key contrib…
With unprecedented increases in traffic load in today's wireless networks, design challenges shift from the wireless network itself to the computational support behind the wireless network. In this vein, there is new interest in quantum-compute approaches because of their potential to substantially speed up processing, and so improve network throughput. However, quantum hardware that actually exists today is much more susceptible to computational errors than silicon-based hardware, due to the physical phenomena of decoherence and noise. This paper explores the boundary between the two types of…
We study the effect of stochastic wireless channel models on the connectivity of ad hoc networks. Unlike in the deterministic geometric disk model where nodes connect if they are within a certain distance from each other, stochastic models attempt to capture small-scale fading effects due to shadowing and multipath received signals. Through analysis of local and global network observables, we present conclusive evidence suggesting that network behaviour is highly dependent upon whether a stochastic or deterministic connection model is employed. Specifically we show that the network mean degree…
A new method for estimating the relative positions of location-unaware nodes from the location-aware nodes and the received signal strength (RSS) between the nodes, in a wireless sensor network (WSN), is proposed. In the method, a regularization term is incorporated in the optimization problem leading to significant improvement in the estimation accuracy even in the presence of position errors of the location-aware nodes and distance errors between the nodes. The regularization term is appropriated weighted on the basis of the degree of connectivity between the nodes in the network. The method…
Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) tune wireless environments to increase spectrum and energy efficiencies. In view of much recent attention to the IRS concept as a promising technology for 6G wireless communications, we present a survey of IRSs in this paper. Specifically, we categorize recent research studies of IRSs as follows. For IRS-aided communications, the summary includes capacity/data rate analyses, power/spectral optimizations, channel estimation, deep learning-based design, and reliability analysis. Then we review IRSs implementations as well as the use of IRSs in secure commun…
We show that compact fully connected (FC) deep learning networks trained to classify wireless protocols using a hierarchy of multiple denoising autoencoders (AEs) outperform reference FC networks trained in a typical way, i.e., with a stochastic gradient based optimization of a given FC architecture. Not only is the complexity of such FC network, measured in number of trainable parameters and scalar multiplications, much lower than the reference FC and residual models, its accuracy also outperforms both models for nearly all tested SNR values (0 dB to 50dB). Such AE-trained networks are suited…
