对流行加密货币中的数据传输和存储技术的调查以及建议的改进
A survey of data transfer and storage techniques in prevalent cryptocurrencies and suggested improvements
摘要：
本论文重点关注与三种相对流行的加密货币（以太坊，Nano和IOTA）相关的八卦网络功能相关的方面。我们研究了一些主题，例如当新节点加入网络时自动发现对等体，节点的带宽使用，消息传递协议和存储模式以及共享账本的优化。我们认为这是一个在区块链和加密货币的作品中经常被忽视的话题。由于这些项目相当直接的财务影响，漏洞和效率低下比常规开源项目中的漏洞和效率低下更重要。除了比特币，一个已经存在了近10年的网络，没有其他项目有大量的文档来描述其操作细节，除了源代码库中分散而稀疏的页面。这里描述的几乎所有内容都是通过研究这些项目的参考实现的源代码而提取出来的。我们评估了使用可逆Bloom链表和石墨烯协议来减少某些消息的块传播时间和带宽使用。我们进行了逼真的模拟，显示出显着的改善。我们在以太坊的主要节点软件Geth中提供了石墨烯的完整实现，并针对主要的以太坊区块链测试了该实现。我们还爬取了所选的加密货币网络中的公共可见节点，并提供了这些节点的自治系统级细分，最终目标是评估执行BGP劫持等攻击的难易程度及其影响。用于在Geth中实现石墨烯、执行各种模拟和其他杂项任务的代码已上传到Github https://github.com/sunfinite/masters-thesis。
英文摘要：
This thesis focuses on aspects related to the functioning of the gossip networks underlying three relatively popular cryptocurrencies: Ethereum, Nano and IOTA. We look at topics such as automatic discovery of peers when a new node joins the network, bandwidth usage of a node, message passing protocols and storage schemas and optimizations for the shared ledger. We believe this is a topic that is often overlooked in works about blockchains and cryptocurrencies. Vulnerabilities and inefficiencies attain a higher significance than ones in a regular open source project because of the rather direct financial implications of these projects. Barring Bitcoin, a network that has been around for nearly 10 years, no other project has substantial documentation for its operational details other than scattered and sparse pages in the source code repositories. Almost all of the content described here has been extracted by studying the source code of the reference implementations of these projects. We evaluate the use of Invertible Bloom Lookup Tables and the Graphene protocol to decrease block propagation times and bandwidth usage of certain messages. We perform realistic simulations that show significant improvements. We provide a complete implementation of Graphene in Geth, Ethereum's main node software and test this implementation against the main Ethereum blockchain. We also crawled the chosen cryptocurrency networks for publicly visible nodes and provide an Autonomous System-level breakdown of these nodes with the end goal of estimating the ease of performing attacks such as BGP hijacks and their impact. Code written for implementing Graphene in Geth, performing various simulations and for other miscellaneous tasks has been uploaded to Github at https://github.com/sunfinite/masters-thesis.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
