作为中央分子区的一个年轻的大质量星团,拱星团是研究极端银心环境下恒星初始质量函数(IMF)的一个有价值的探测器。我们使用多历元哈勃太空望远镜的观测,以获得高精度的自行和光度测量的集群,计算集群成员的概率为1.8 M $_{\odot}$之间的集群半径为0.25 pc - 3.0 pc。我们实现了一个集群样本只有~8%的领域污染,一个显着的改善,在光度选择的样本,这是严重损害的差分消光整个领域。结合这个样本与K波段光谱的5个集群成员,我们向前模型的拱门集群,同时限制其国际货币基金组织和其他属性(如年龄和总质量),同时占观测的不确定性,完整性,质量分离,和恒星的多样性。我们发现,拱形IMF最好用一个明显头重脚轻的1段幂律来描述:$α$ = 1.80 $\pm$ 0.05(stat)$\pm$ 0.06(sys),其中dN/dm $\propto$ m $^{-α}$,尽管我们不能忽视一个两段幂律模型,它的高质量斜率只比局部恒星形成区略浅($α$ = 2.04 $^{+0.14}_{-0.19}$ $\pm$ 0.04),但在5.8 $^{+3.2}_{-1.2}$ $\pm$ 0.02 M $_{\odot}$处出现断裂。在任何一种情况下,Arches IMF都与标准IMF显著不同。比较拱门和银河系中其他年轻的大质量星团,我们发现了银河系中心系统性头重脚轻的IMF的初步证据。
英文摘要:
As a young massive cluster in the Central Molecular Zone, the Arches cluster is a valuable probe of the stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) in the extreme Galactic Center environment. We use multi-epoch Hubble Space Telescope observations to obtain high-precision proper motion and photometric measurements of the cluster, calculating cluster membership probabilities for stars down to 1.8 M$_{\odot}$ between cluster radii of 0.25 pc -- 3.0 pc. We achieve a cluster sample with just ~8% field contamination, a significant improvement over photometrically-selected samples which are severely compromised by the differential extinction across the field. Combining this sample with K-band spectroscopy of 5 cluster members, we forward model the Arches cluster to simultaneously constrain its IMF and other properties (such as age and total mass) while accounting for observational uncertainties, completeness, mass segregation, and stellar multiplicity. We find that the Arches IMF is best described by a 1-segment power law that is significantly top-heavy: $α$ = 1.80 $\pm$ 0.05 (stat) $\pm$ 0.06 (sys), where dN/dm $\propto$ m$^{-α}$, though we cannot discount a 2-segment power law model with a high-mass slope only slightly shallower than local star forming regions ($α$ = 2.04$^{+0.14}_{-0.19}$ $\pm$ 0.04) but with a break at 5.8$^{+3.2}_{-1.2}$ $\pm$ 0.02 M$_{\odot}$. In either case, the Arches IMF is significantly different than the standard IMF. Comparing the Arches to other young massive clusters in the Milky Way, we find tentative evidence for a systematically top-heavy IMF at the Galactic Center.
The early dynamical evolution of star clusters near the Galactic Centre
我们研究了在银河系中心(GC)强潮汐场中的Plummer球和子结构(分形)恒星形成区的动力学演化,看看什么样的初始条件可以产生一个类似拱门的大质量星团由$\sim 2$ Myr。我们发现,任何初始分布必须包含在其初始潮汐半径内才能生存,这就为$\sim$ 600 M $_\odot$ pc $^{-3}$(如果拱距GC 30 pc)或$\sim$ 200 M $_\odot$ pc $^{-3}$(如果拱距GC 100 pc)的初始密度设定了下限。生存的普卢默球变化不大,除了动态质量分离,但最初的分形分布迅速删除子结构,动态质量分离,并通过200万年看起来非常相似的初始普卢默球,因此,它几乎是不可能确定的初始条件集群在强潮汐场。
Constraining young massive cluster properties with radio-continuum observations: The Arches cluster
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所);Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心);School of Sciences, European University Cyprus(塞浦路斯欧洲大学理学院)