eQASM：一种可执行的量子指令集架构
eQASM: An Executable Quantum Instruction Set Architecture
AI总结：
本文提出eQASM，一种可执行的量子指令集架构，能够从量子汇编语言转换而来，支持全面的量子程序流程控制，并在量子控制微架构上执行。eQASM通过高效的定时规范、单操作多量子位执行和非常长指令字架构，实现了比QuMIS更好的可扩展性，同时在汇编级别上保持表达性，量子操作在编译时配置而非在QISA设计时定义。
摘要：
一种广泛使用的量子编程范式包含数据流和控制流。现有的量子硬件无法很好地支持控制流，显著限制了可在硬件上执行的量子软件范围。通过分析控制微架构中的限制，我们发现现有的量子汇编语言要么过于高级要么过于受限，无法支持在硬件上的全面流程控制。此外，如观察到的量子微指令集QuMIS所示，由于微架构限制，量子指令集架构（QISA）设计可能受到可扩展性和灵活性的限制。设计一种可扩展且灵活的QISA，提供对量子硬件的全面抽象，是一个开放的挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种可执行的QISA，称为eQASM，可以由量子汇编语言（QASM）转换而来，支持全面的量子程序流程控制，并在量子控制微架构上执行。通过高效的定时规范、单操作多量子位执行和非常长指令字架构，eQASM比QuMIS具有更好的可扩展性。eQASM的定义专注于汇编级别以保持表达性。量子操作在编译时配置，而不是在QISA设计时定义。我们将eQASM实例化为一个32位指令集，针对一个七量子位超导量子处理器。我们通过在两个量子位量子处理器上进行几个实验来验证我们的设计。
英文摘要：
A widely-used quantum programming paradigm comprises of both the data flow and control flow. Existing quantum hardware cannot well support the control flow, significantly limiting the range of quantum software executable on the hardware. By analyzing the constraints in the control microarchitecture, we found that existing quantum assembly languages are either too high-level or too restricted to support comprehensive flow control on the hardware. Also, as observed with the quantum microinstruction set QuMIS, the quantum instruction set architecture (QISA) design may suffer from limited scalability and flexibility because of microarchitectural constraints. It is an open challenge to design a scalable and flexible QISA which provides a comprehensive abstraction of the quantum hardware. In this paper, we propose an executable QISA, called eQASM, that can be translated from quantum assembly language (QASM), supports comprehensive quantum program flow control, and is executed on a quantum control microarchitecture. With efficient timing specification, single-operation-multiple-qubit execution, and a very-long-instruction-word architecture, eQASM presents better scalability than QuMIS. The definition of eQASM focuses on the assembly level to be expressive. Quantum operations are configured at compile time instead of being defined at QISA design time. We instantiate eQASM into a 32-bit instruction set targeting a seven-qubit superconducting quantum processor. We validate our design by performing several experiments on a two-qubit quantum processor.
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