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arXiv 1808.02045astro-ph.GA
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冲击或光电离:静态半导体中低电离气体温度的直接测量

Shocks or Photoionization: Direct Temperature Measurements of the Low-Ionization Gas in Quiescent Galaxies

Renbin Yan

摘要:

静止红序星系中低电离气体的电离机制一直是个谜。直接温度测量将对这一问题产生很大的限制。我们仔细地选择了一个样本的静态红序列星系SDSS。我们将它们分成三个具有不同[N II]/Hα和[N II]/[O II]比值的箱,并测量了堆叠光谱中的[O III] λ4363,[N II] λ5755,[S II] λ 4068,4076和[O II] λ 7320,7330线。[S II]双峰比表明线发射气体处于低密度区(~10-100 cm $^{-3}$),S+区的温度约为8000 K,O+区的温度约为$1.1-1.5\times10^4$ K,N+区的温度约为$1-1.4\times10^4$ K. [O III] λ4363线未被稳健地检测到。我们发现,来自Balmer递减的消光校正将产生非物理的S+区和O+区的温度之间的关系,表明消光显着高估了测量的Balmer递减。我们比较了这些线的比率与模型预测的三种电离机制:光电离热演化的恒星,冲击,和湍流混合层。对于这两个光电离和冲击模型,从[S II]和[N II]日冕强线比推断的高温需要金属丰度显着subsolar。然而,[N II]/[O II]谱线比值要求它们是超日型的。没有一个模型可以同时解释所有观测到的线比,它们的组合也不能。

英文摘要:

The ionization mechanism of the low-ionization gas in quiescent red sequence galaxies has been a long-standing puzzle. Direct temperature measurements would put strong constraints on this issue. We carefully selected a sample of quiescent red sequence galaxies from SDSS. We bin them into three bins with different [N II]/Hα and [N II]/[O II] ratios, and we measure the temperature-sensitive [O III] λ4363, [N II] λ5755, [S II] λλ4068,4076, and [O II] λλ7320,7330 lines in the stacked spectra. The [S II] doublet ratios indicate the line-emitting gas is in the low density regime (~10-100 cm$^{-3}$).We found the temperatures in the S+ zones to be around 8000K, the temperatures in the O+ zones to be around $1.1-1.5\times10^4$K, and the temperatures in the N+ zones to be around $1-1.4\times10^4$K. The [O III] λ4363 line is not robustly detected. We found that the extinction corrections derived from Balmer decrements would yield unphysical relationships between the temperatures of the S+ zones and O+ zones, indicating that the extinction is significantly overestimated by the measured Balmer decrements. We compared these line ratios with model predictions for three ionization mechanisms: photoionization by hot evolved stars, shocks, and turbulent mixing layers. For both the photoionization and shock models, the hot temperatures inferred from [S II] and [N II] coronal-to-strong line ratios require metallicities to be significantly subsolar. However, the [N II]/[O II] line ratios require them to be supersolar. None of the models could simultaneously explain all of the observed line ratios, neither could their combinations do.

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