PTOLEMY：大质量中微子的热遗迹探测和MeV暗物质的定向探测
PTOLEMY: A Proposal for Thermal Relic Detection of Massive Neutrinos and Directional Detection of MeV Dark Matter
摘要：
我们建议实现PIMMY项目的原理验证，以直接探测宇宙中微子背景（CNB）。[1，2]中描述的每一项技术挑战都将有针对性，并有望通过使用最新的实验发展和利用LNGS地下场地提供的低背景环境来解决。第一阶段将侧重于氚靶的石墨烯技术和TES微量热法的演示，其能量分辨率优于0.05 eV，适用于低能电子。这些技术将使用PIMMY原型进行评估，该原型建议用于地下安装，使用精确的HV控制来降低端点电子的动能，以匹配量热计的动态范围和速率能力。第二阶段将产生一个新的实现EM过滤器，可扩展到整个目标的大小，并展示了选择端点电子的内在触发能力。在CNB计划的同时，我们计划利用和开发石墨烯的独特性质，以实现MeV暗物质直接定向探测的中间计划[3，4]。该计划将评估石墨烯制造过程的放射性纯度和可扩展性，目标是使用最近确定的超高放射性纯度CO2源。对CNB的直接探测是早期宇宙动力学的快照，它是由在大爆炸核合成、宇宙微波背景和星系衰退（哈勃膨胀）时代之前拍摄的热遗迹中微子产额记录的。大爆炸中微子被认为在宇宙的演化中起着核心作用，而PNOMMY的直接测量将明确地确定这些预测与当今中微子密度相匹配的程度。
英文摘要：
We propose to achieve the proof-of-principle of the PTOLEMY project to directly detect the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB). Each of the technological challenges described in [1,2] will be targeted and hopefully solved by the use of the latest experimental developments and profiting from the low background environment provided by the LNGS underground site. The first phase will focus on the graphene technology for a tritium target and the demonstration of TES microcalorimetry with an energy resolution of better than 0.05 eV for low energy electrons. These technologies will be evaluated using the PTOLEMY prototype, proposed for underground installation, using precision HV controls to step down the kinematic energy of endpoint electrons to match the calorimeter dynamic range and rate capabilities. The second phase will produce a novel implementation of the EM filter that is scalable to the full target size and which demonstrates intrinsic triggering capability for selecting endpoint electrons. Concurrent with the CNB program, we plan to exploit and develop the unique properties of graphene to implement an intermediate program for direct directional detection of MeV dark matter [3,4]. This program will evaluate the radio-purity and scalability of the graphene fabrication process with the goal of using recently identified ultra-high radio-purity CO2 sources. The direct detection of the CNB is a snapshot of early universe dynamics recorded by the thermal relic neutrino yield taken at a time that predates the epochs of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the Cosmic Microwave Background and the recession of galaxies (Hubble Expansion). Big Bang neutrinos are believed to have a central role in the evolution of the Universe and a direct measurement with PTOLEMY will unequivocally establish the extent to which these predictions match present-day neutrino densities.
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