行业、职业和地点特定知识在新企业生存中的作用
The role of industry, occupation, and location specific knowledge in the survival of new firms
摘要：
各区域如何获得使其经济活动多样化所需的知识？工人在公司和行业之间的迁移如何有助于知识的传播？在这里，我们使用总结整个国家个人工作历史的数据集来衡量工人从一个机构到下一个机构所携带的行业，职业和特定位置的知识。我们研究先驱企业-在一个地区不存在的行业中经营的企业-因为先驱企业的成功是地区经济多样化的基本单位。我们发现，当先驱者的第一批员工是在相关行业有经验的工人时，他们的成长和生存显着增加，并且在同一地点有工作经验，但不是过去在相关职业中的经验。我们比较这些结果与新的公司，不是先锋，并发现，行业特定的知识是显着更重要的先驱比非先锋公司。为了解决内环境问题，我们使用巴蒂克工具，它利用国家对一项活动的需求波动作为对当地劳动力供应的冲击。工具变量估计支持的发现，行业相关的知识是一个先驱企业的生存和增长的预测。这些发现扩展了我们对区域经济多样化事件背后微观机制的理解。
英文摘要：
How do regions acquire the knowledge they need to diversify their economic activities? How does the migration of workers among firms and industries contribute to the diffusion of that knowledge? Here we measure the industry, occupation, and location-specific knowledge carried by workers from one establishment to the next using a dataset summarizing the individual work history for an entire country. We study pioneer firms--firms operating in an industry that was not present in a region--because the success of pioneers is the basic unit of regional economic diversification. We find that the growth and survival of pioneers increase significantly when their first hires are workers with experience in a related industry, and with work experience in the same location, but not with past experience in a related occupation. We compare these results with new firms that are not pioneers and find that industry-specific knowledge is significantly more important for pioneer than non-pioneer firms. To address endogeneity we use Bartik instruments, which leverage national fluctuations in the demand for an activity as shocks for local labor supply. The instrumental variable estimates support the finding that industry-related knowledge is a predictor of the survival and growth of pioneer firms. These findings expand our understanding of the micro-mechanisms underlying regional economic diversification events.
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