温度高于室温的电子能悬浮在液氦表面吗？
Can warmer than room temperature electrons levitate above a liquid helium surface ?
摘要：
我们解决的问题过热的电子被困在液氦表面的回旋共振激发。先前的实验表明，电子可以被加热到1000 K的温度，比氦浴的温度高出三个数量级。在这项工作中，我们试图区分热源的重新分配和其他不需要如此高的温度的平衡机制，如共振光电效应或负迁移率。我们认为，对于加热的情况下，回旋共振的电子流的方向可以控制的初始电子密度分布的形状，与依赖性，可以精确地建模内的泊松-玻尔兹曼理论框架。这提供了自一致性检查，以探测重新分布是否确实与热源一致。我们发现，虽然我们的实验结果是一致的泊松-玻尔兹曼理论依赖，但一些偏差表明，其他物理机制也可以提供一个可测量的贡献。用加热模型分析我们的结果发现，在相同的微波辐射条件下，电子温度随电子密度的增加而增加。这种意想不到的密度依赖性要求对过热电子的能量弛豫进行微观处理。
英文摘要：
We address the problem of overheating of electrons trapped on the liquid helium surface by cyclotron resonance excitation. Previous experiments, suggest that electrons can be heated to temperatures up to 1000K more than three order of magnitude higher than the temperature of the helium bath in the sub-Kelvin range. In this work we attempt to discriminate between a redistribution of thermal origin and other out-of equilibrium mechanisms that would not require so high temperatures like resonant photo-galvanic effects, or negative mobilities. We argue that for a heating scenario the direction of the electron flow under cyclotron resonance can be controlled by the shape of the initial electron density profile, with a dependence that can be modeled accurately within the Poisson-Boltzmann theory framework. This provides an self consistency-check to probe if the redistribution is indeed consistent with a thermal origin. We find that while our experimental results are consistent with the Poisson-Boltzmann theoretical dependence but some deviations suggest that other physical mechanisms can also provide a measurable contribution. Analyzing our results with the heating model we find that the electron temperatures increases with electron density under the same microwave irradiation conditions. This unexpected density dependence calls for a microscopic treatment of the energy relaxation of overheated electrons.
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