StimDust：一种具有超声功率和通信的毫米级植入式无线精密神经刺激器
StimDust: A mm-scale implantable wireless precision neural stimulator with ultrasonic power and communication
摘要：
神经刺激是用于调节生理功能和用于将信息写入神经系统作为脑机接口的一部分的强大技术。目前临床上批准的神经刺激器需要电池，并且尺寸为许多立方厘米-通常比其预期目标大得多。我们提出了一个完整的无线神经刺激系统，包括一个1.7毫米3的无线，无电池，无引线植入式刺激器（“微尘”），超声波无线链路的电源和双向通信，和手持外部收发器。该微粒由压电陶瓷换能器、储能电容器和刺激器集成电路（IC）组成。该IC高效采集超声功率，解码刺激参数下行链路数据，并生成电流控制的刺激脉冲。刺激参数通过无线链路动态进行时间编码，而不是在微粒上编程和存储，从而降低功耗和片上存储器要求，并实现具有高时间分辨率和低延迟反馈的复杂刺激协议，以用于闭环刺激。上行链路数据指示微尘当前是否正在刺激;它由微尘通过反向散射调制进行编码，并在外部收发器处解调。我们表明，微尘的声强度是7.8%的FDA限制诊断超声和表征的声学无线链路的鲁棒性预期的现实世界的不对准。我们证明了系统的体内性能与微粒急性植入麻醉大鼠坐骨神经上的袖口，并显示出高度可重复的刺激在广泛的生理反应。
英文摘要：
Neural stimulation is a powerful technique for modulating physiological functions and for writing information into the nervous system as part of brain-machine interfaces. Current clinically approved neural stimulators require batteries and are many cubic centimetres in size -- typically much larger than their intended targets. We present a complete wireless neural stimulation system consisting of a 1.7 mm3 wireless, batteryless, leadless implantable stimulator (the "mote"), an ultrasonic wireless link for power and bi-directional communication, and a hand-held external transceiver. The mote consists of a piezoceramic transducer, an energy storage capacitor, and a stimulator integrated circuit (IC). The IC harvests ultrasonic power with high efficiency, decodes stimulation parameter downlink data, and generates current-controlled stimulation pulses. Stimulation parameters are time-encoded on the fly through the wireless link rather than being programmed and stored on the mote, reducing power consumption and on-chip memory requirements and enabling complex stimulation protocols with high-temporal resolution and low-latency feedback for use in closed-loop stimulation. Uplink data indicates whether the mote is currently stimulating; it is encoded by the mote via backscatter modulation and is demodulated at the external transceiver. We show that the mote operates at an acoustic intensity that is 7.8% of the FDA limit for diagnostic ultrasound and characterize the acoustic wireless link's robustness to expected real-world misalignment. We demonstrate the in vivo performance of the system with motes acutely implanted with a cuff on the sciatic nerve of anesthetized rats and show highly repeatable stimulation across a wide range of physiological responses.
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