从现在到本世纪中叶星系和类星体的多信使视图
A multimessenger view of galaxies and quasars from now to mid-century
摘要：
在今后30年中，新一代的空间和地面望远镜将能够对微弱的光源进行多频观测，并在人类历史上首次实现对整个天空进行深入的、几乎是全面的监测。引力波观测站将探测到一个由看不见的黑洞组成的宇宙，这些黑洞正在合并过程中，其质量范围很广。计算设施将允许进行新的高分辨率模拟，对不同尺度上发生的主要现象进行更深入的物理分析。根据这些发展路线，我们首先勾勒出未来30年主要仪器发展的全景图，不仅涉及电磁辐射，而且还从多信使的角度，包括引力波，中微子和宇宙射线。然后，我们提出如何新的仪器将有可能促进我们目前对星系和类星体的理解的进展。我们专注于今天激烈辩论的选定科学主题，在某些情况下，推进解决可能在未来30年内解决的重大问题的建议。
英文摘要：
In the next 30 years, a new generation of space and ground-based telescopes will permit to obtain multi-frequency observations of faint sources and, for the first time in human history, to achieve a deep, almost synoptical monitoring of the whole sky. Gravitational wave observatories will detect a Universe of unseen black holes in the merging process over a broad spectrum of mass. Computing facilities will permit new high-resolution simulations with a deeper physical analysis of the main phenomena occurring at different scales. Given these development lines, we first sketch a panorama of the main instrumental developments expected in the next thirty years, dealing not only with electromagnetic radiation, but also from a multi-messenger perspective that includes gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. We then present how the new instrumentation will make it possible to foster advances in our present understanding of galaxies and quasars. We focus on selected scientific themes that are hotly debated today, in some cases advancing conjectures on the solution of major problems that may become solved in the next 30 years.
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