任意测量和反馈方案的详细涨落关系
Detailed Fluctuation Relation for Arbitrary Measurement and Feedback Schemes
摘要：
涨落关系是强有力的等式，远离平衡。然而，包括测量和反馈方案的标准方法在某些情况下可能变得不适用，包括连续测量、连续变量的精确测量以及反馈引起的不可逆性。在这里，我们克服了这些缺点，提供了一个配方产生详细的波动关系。基于这个配方，我们推导出一个波动关系，适用于任意测量和反馈控制。关键的见解是，从测量结果推断的波动可能会被后选择抑制。我们的详细的波动关系的结果在一个严格的和实验上可访问的不平等的可提取的工作，这是饱和时，充分的熵生产是从数据推断。
英文摘要：
Fluctuation relations are powerful equalities that hold far from equilibrium. However, the standard approach to include measurement and feedback schemes may become inapplicable in certain situations, including continuous measurements, precise measurements of continuous variables, and feedback induced irreversibility. Here we overcome these shortcomings by providing a recipe for producing detailed fluctuation relations. Based on this recipe, we derive a fluctuation relation which holds for arbitrary measurement and feedback control. The key insight is that fluctuations inferable from the measurement outcomes may be suppressed by post-selection. Our detailed fluctuation relation results in a stringent and experimentally accessible inequality on the extractable work, which is saturated when the full entropy production is inferable from the data.
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