增强型C-V2X模式4子信道选择
Enhanced C-V2X Mode-4 Subchannel Selection
摘要：
在第14版中，第三代合作伙伴计划（3GPP）引入了蜂窝车辆到万物（C-V2X）\textit{mode-4}作为一种新颖的颠覆性技术，以支持覆盖范围外场景中的侧链路车辆通信。C-V2X \textit{mode-4}已被设计为以分布式方式操作，其中车辆在选择一个副链路子信道以供使用之前自主地监视跨副链路子信道的接收功率。通过这种策略，车辆尝试$(i)$发现并$(ii)$保留具有低干扰的子信道，这些子信道可能有可能最大化其自己广播的安全消息的接收可能性。然而，由于车辆环境的动态性，子信道最优性可能随时间快速波动。因此，车辆需要每隔几百毫秒进行一次新的选择。与3GPP一致，子信道选择阶段依赖于在监视窗口期间每个子信道上的感知功率强度的线性平均。然而，在本文中，我们提出了一个非线性的功率平均阶段，其中最新的最新的测量被分配更高的优先级，通过指数加权。我们通过模拟表明，在城市和高速公路的情况下，可以利用整体系统性能。此外，线性平均可以被认为是指数加权移动平均的特殊情况，确保与标准化方法的向后兼容性。最后，详细描述了3GPP \textit{mode-4}调度方法。
英文摘要：
In Release 14, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced Cellular Vehicle--to--Everything (C-V2X) \textit{mode-4} as a novel disruptive technology to support sidelink vehicular communications in out--of--coverage scenarios. C-V2X \textit{mode-4} has been engineered to operate in a distributed manner, wherein vehicles autonomously monitor the received power across sidelink subchannels before selecting one for utilization. By means of such an strategy, vehicles attempt to $(i)$ discover and $(ii)$ reserve subchannels with low interference that may have the potential to maximize the reception likelihood of their own broadcasted safety messages. However, due to dynamicity of the vehicular environment, the subchannels optimality may fluctuate rapidly over time. As a consequence, vehicles are required to make a new selection every few hundreds of milliseconds. In consonance with 3GPP, the subchannel selection phase relies on the linear average of the perceived power intensities on each of the subchannels during a monitoring window. However, in this paper we propose a nonlinear power averaging phase, where the most up--to--date measurements are assigned higher priority via exponential weighting. We show through simulations that the overall system performance can be leveraged in both urban and freeway scenarios. Furthermore, the linear averaging can be considered as a special case of the exponentially-weighted moving average, ensuring backward compatibility with the standardized method. Finally, the 3GPP \textit{mode-4} scheduling approach is described in detail.
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