共享出行对机动性按需系统的影响：布拉格的模拟案例研究
The Impact of Ridesharing in Mobility-on-Demand Systems: Simulation Case Study in Prague
摘要：
在人口密集的城市，由于对停车和道路容量的要求很高，使用私家车作为个人交通工具是不可持续的。按需移动系统已被提议作为私家车的替代品。这种系统由一队车辆组成，系统的用户可以为单向点对点旅行呼叫车辆。这些系统采用大规模车辆共享，即，一辆车可以在一天内由几个人使用，因此车队规模和停车空间需求可以减小，但是代价是在系统中行驶的车辆里程不可忽略地增加。在系统中行驶的里程可以通过拼车来减少，在拼车中，几个沿着相似方向行驶的人被匹配并乘坐一辆车。我们量化了在一个假设的移动按需系统中共享出行的潜力，该系统旨在为布拉格市目前由私家车实现的所有行程提供服务。我们的研究结果表明，通过采用保证旅行时间延长不超过10分钟的拼车策略，车辆的平均载客量将增加到2.7名乘客。因此，车辆行驶里程数将减少到MoD系统中没有拼车的35%，以及当前状态下的60%。
英文摘要：
In densely populated-cities, the use of private cars for personal transportation is unsustainable, due to high parking and road capacity requirements. The mobility-on-demand systems have been proposed as an alternative to a private car. Such systems consist of a fleet of vehicles that the user of the system can hail for one-way point-to-point trips. These systems employ large-scale vehicle sharing, i.e., one vehicle can be used by several people during one day and consequently the fleet size and the parking space requirements can be reduced, but, at the cost of a non-negligible increase in vehicles miles driven in the system. The miles driven in the system can be reduced by ridesharing, where several people traveling in a similar direction are matched and travel in one vehicle. We quantify the potential of ridesharing in a hypothetical mobility-on-demand system designed to serve all trips that are currently realized by private car in the city of Prague. Our results show that by employing a ridesharing strategy that guarantees travel time prolongation of no more than 10 minutes, the average occupancy of a vehicle will increase to 2.7 passengers. Consequently, the number of vehicle miles traveled will decrease to 35% of the amount in the MoD system without ridesharing and to 60% of the amount in the present state.
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