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arXiv 1807.03024stat.MLcs.AIcs.LG
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带周期和潜在混杂的非线性结构因果模型的约束因果发现

Constraint-based Causal Discovery for Non-Linear Structural Causal Models with Cycles and Latent Confounders

Informatics Institute(信息学研究所);University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学)

Patrick Forré, Joris M. Mooij

摘要:

我们解决的问题,因果发现数据,利用最近提出的因果建模框架的模块化结构因果模型(mSCM)来处理周期,潜在的混杂因素和非线性。本文引入了σ-连通图(σ-CG),这是一类新的具有附加结构的混合图(包含无向、双向和有向边),并将σ-分离的概念推广到σ-CG上,σ-分离是d-分离概念的适当推广.我们证明了σ-分离在边缘化和条件下的封闭性,并利用这一点来实现σ-CG上的σ-分离测试。然后,这将我们带到第一个因果发现算法,该算法可以处理非线性函数关系,潜在混杂因素,循环因果关系以及来自不同(随机)完美干预的数据。作为概念证明,我们在合成数据上展示了该算法如何恢复模块化结构因果模型的因果图的特征。

英文摘要:

We address the problem of causal discovery from data, making use of the recently proposed causal modeling framework of modular structural causal models (mSCM) to handle cycles, latent confounders and non-linearities. We introduce σ-connection graphs (σ-CG), a new class of mixed graphs (containing undirected, bidirected and directed edges) with additional structure, and extend the concept of σ-separation, the appropriate generalization of the well-known notion of d-separation in this setting, to apply to σ-CGs. We prove the closedness of σ-separation under marginalisation and conditioning and exploit this to implement a test of σ-separation on a σ-CG. This then leads us to the first causal discovery algorithm that can handle non-linear functional relations, latent confounders, cyclic causal relationships, and data from different (stochastic) perfect interventions. As a proof of concept, we show on synthetic data how well the algorithm recovers features of the causal graph of modular structural causal models.

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