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arXiv 1807.03017astro-ph.SR
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太阳黑子半影的奇特历史:更新

A Curious History of Sunspot Penumbrae: An Update

V. M. S. Carrasco, J. M. Vaquero, R. M. Trigo, M. C. Gallego

摘要:

太阳黑子的半影面积与本影面积之比是太阳和地球物理研究中的一个重要课题。Hathaway(Solar Physics,286,347,2013)使用皇家格林威治天文台(RGO)的记录发现了小太阳黑子群(面积小于太阳半球的百万分之一,msh)的这个参数的奇怪行为。海瑟薇指出,半影与本影之比从1905年的7以上平稳下降到1930年的3以下,然后在1961年增加到接近8。因此,海瑟薇提出半影-本影面积比存在长期变化。为了证实这种长期变化,我们采用了科英布拉天文台(COI)公布的1929-1941年期间的太阳黑子目录数据。我们的研究结果不同意海瑟薇发现的半影-本影比率在此期间。然而,1929-1941年期间在印度洋委员会登记的大型(面积大于或等于100 msh)和小型群体的这一比率的行为与1874-1914年和1950-1976年期间RGO提供的数据相似。尽管如此,根据科英布拉数据(1929-1941年),大群体的平均值和时间演变与小群体的比率相似,但同一时期的RGO数据却不相似。我们还发现,在两个天文台的较小群体的半影-本影面积比的行为是显着不同的。在科英布拉和RGO进行的面积测量之间的主要差异与本影测量有关。我们想强调的是,这两个天文台使用不同的观测方法,而在COI的方法和仪器在研究期间没有改变,在RGO进行了一些变化,可能会影响本影和半影的测量。这些事实说明了仔细恢复过去太阳数据的重要性。

英文摘要:

The ratio of penumbral to umbral area of sunspots is an important topic for solar and geophysical studies. Hathaway (Solar Physics, 286, 347, 2013) found a curious behaviour in this parameter for small sunspot groups (areas smaller than 100 millionths of solar hemisphere, msh) using records from Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO). Hathaway showed that penumbra-umbra ratio decreased smoothly from more than 7 in 1905 to lower than 3 by 1930 and then increased to almost 8 in 1961. Thus, Hathaway proposed the existence of a secular variation in the penumbra-umbra area ratio. In order to confirm that secular variation, we employ data of the sunspot catalogue published by the Coimbra Astronomical Observatory (COI) for the period 1929-1941. Our results disagree with the penumbra-umbra ratio found by Hathaway for that period. However, the behaviour of this ratio for large (areas greater or equal than 100 msh) and small groups registered in COI during 1929-1941 is similar to data available from RGO for the periods 1874-1914 and 1950-1976. Nevertheless, while the average values and time evolution of the ratio in large groups is similar to the ratio for small groups according to Coimbra data (1929-1941) it is not analogous for RGO data for the same period. We also found that the behaviour of the penumbra-umbra area ratio for smaller groups in both observatories is significantly different. The main difference between the area measurements made in Coimbra and RGO is associated with the umbra measurements. We would like to stress that the two observatories used different methods of observation and while in COI both methodology and instruments did not change during the study period, some changes were carried out in RGO that could have affected measurements of umbra and penumbra. These facts illustrate the importance of the careful recovery of past solar data.

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