言语工作记忆任务的ALE元分析比较
An ALE meta-analytic comparison of verbal working memory tasks
摘要：
背景资料：n-back和Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test（PASAT）是临床和实验心理学中常用的言语工作记忆任务，它们在临床和实验心理学中有部分重叠的用途。我们进行了三个激活似然估计（ALE）荟萃分析，比较两个负载水平的n-回任务（2-回，3-回）的PASAT和彼此。这些分析旨在确定认知和情感大脑区域参与这些任务。结果：我们观察到在3-back中激活额眼场的总体可能性更高。PASAT在双侧辅助运动区（SMA）、左侧缘上回和左侧顶上小叶表现出较高的整体激活。此外，与2-back相比，3-back在右侧SMA和前中扣带皮层中表现出更高的激活，并且与2-back相比，PASAT在右侧运动前区附近的簇中表现出更高的激活。在PASAT（左）和3-back（右）之间的背外侧前额叶皮层中观察到偏侧效应。这些数据表明，更大的激活区域传统上与语音回路在PASAT，相比，2-和3-回任务。此外，个别ALE分析表明，除了成熟的言语工作记忆区域（布罗卡区，双侧SMA，运动前区，后顶叶皮层）在所有3个任务中的情绪处理和显着性网络区域（扣带）的参与。结论：在这里，我们确定了由PASAT激活的区域，在本研究之前尚未进行荟萃分析。使用ALE元分析，我们还确定了有意义的差异，在这些任务中与特定的认知和情感方面的言语工作记忆激活。
英文摘要：
Background: The n-back and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) are commonly used verbal working memory tasks that have partially overlapping uses in clinical and experimental psychology. We performed three activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses, comparing two load levels of the n-back task (2-back, 3-back) to the PASAT and to each-other. These analyses aimed to determine the involvement of cognitive and emotional brain regions for these tasks. Results: We observed higher overall likelihood of activation the frontal eye fields in the 3-back. The PASAT exhibited higher overall activation in the bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMA), left supramarginal gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule. Furthermore, the 3-back exhibited higher activation in the right SMA, and anterior mid-cingulate cortex versus the 2-back, and the PASAT exhibited higher activation in a cluster near the right premotor area versus the 2-back. A laterality effect was observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between the PASAT (left) and 3-back(right). These data suggest greater activation of regions traditionally associated with the phonological loop during the PASAT, compared to the 2- and 3-back tasks. Furthermore, individual ALE analyses suggest involvement of emotional processing and salience network regions (insula, cingulate) in addition to the well-established verbal working memory regions (Broca's region, bilateral SMA, premotor, posterior parietal cortices) in all 3 tasks. Conclusions: Here we identify regions activated by the PASAT, which has not been meta-analytically reviewed prior to this study. Using ALE meta-analysis, we have also identified meaningful differences in activation associated with specific cognitive and emotional aspects of verbal working memory during these tasks.
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