X射线积分场装置仪器粒子本底的再现和监测
Reproducibility and monitoring of the instrumental particle background for the X-Ray Integral Field Unit
摘要：
X射线积分场单元（X-IFU）是未来X射线观测站\textsl{Athena}上的低温成像光谱仪。通过3840个交流偏置过渡边缘传感器（TES）的六边形阵列，它将在0.2 - 12 keV带通范围内提供具有前所未有的高光谱分辨率（2.5 eV至7 keV）的窄场观测（5 $^{\prime}$等效直径）。在整个观察过程中，X-IFU将面对各种X射线背景源。特别是高能宇宙射线与仪器相互作用产生的非X射线背景（NXB），可能导致仪器在观测微弱扩展源（如星系团外围）时灵敏度下降。为了限制这种影响，将在探测器平面下方放置一个低温反符合探测器（CryoAC），以将NXB水平降低到所需水平$5 \times 10^{-3}$ cts/s/cm $^{2}$ /keV（2 - 10 keV）。在这篇文章中，我们研究了准确监测NXB并确保飞行中最高再现性的方法。使用限制科学的情况下，背景占主导地位的观测星系团的郊区，我们证明了一个再现性的绝对知识的背景是需要执行驾驶的科学目标，如测量丰度和湍流的郊区。通过封闭观测对飞行中的NXB进行监测，将使用探测器的CryoAC或配套仪器（宽视场成像仪）来满足这一要求。
英文摘要：
The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the cryogenic imaging spectrometer on board the future X-ray observatory \textsl{Athena}. With a hexagonal array of 3840 AC-biased Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it will provide narrow-field observations (5$^{\prime}$ equivalent diameter) with unprecedented high spectral resolution (2.5 eV up to 7 keV) over the 0.2 - 12 keV bandpass. Throughout its observations, the X-IFU will face various sources of X-ray background. Specifically, the so-called Non-X-ray Background (NXB) caused by the interaction of high-energy cosmic rays with the instrument, may lead to a degradation of its sensitivity in the observation of faint extended sources (e.g. galaxy clusters outskirts). To limit this effect, a cryogenic anti-coincidence detector (CryoAC) will be placed below the detector plane to lower the NXB level down to the required level of $5 \times 10^{-3}$ cts/s/cm$^{2}$/keV over 2 - 10 keV. In this contribution, we investigate ways to accurately monitor the NXB and ensure the highest reproducibility in-flight. Using the limiting science case of the background-dominated observation of galaxy clusters outskirts, we demonstrate that a reproducibility of 2\% on the absolute knowledge of the background is required to perform driving science objectives, such as measuring abundances and turbulence in the outskirts. Monitoring of the NXB in-flight through closed observations, the detector's CryoAC or the companion instrument (Wide Field Imager) will be used to meet this requirement.
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