涨落定理在马达蛋白中的应用：从F1-ATPase到驱动蛋白和动力蛋白的轴突货物运输
Application of the fluctuation theorem to motor proteins: from F1-ATPase to axonal cargo transport by kinesin and dynein
摘要：
涨落定理是20世纪90年代非平衡态统计物理学中的一个代表性定理。与非平衡态中的熵产生有关，该定理已被用来从运动中的涨落估计马达蛋白质的驱动力。在这篇评论中，使用波动定理在实验中的马达蛋白质的生物学家，特别是那些谁研究机械生物学，其中力的测量是一个中心问题。首先介绍涨落定理在旋转马达蛋白F1-ATP酶旋转力矩测量中的应用。接下来，作为该应用的扩展，介绍了最近的试验，该试验估计了微管马达驱动蛋白和动力蛋白在体内货物运输过程中产生的力。阐明这种运输的物理机制是重要的，特别是对于神经元，其中货物运输的缺陷与神经元疾病密切相关。最后，对涨落定理作为神经科学领域的一项新技术的前景进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
The fluctuation theorem is a representative theorem in non-equilibrium statistical physics actively studied in the 1990's. Relating to entropy production in non-equilibrium states, the theorem has been used to estimate the driving power of motor proteins from fluctuation in their motion. In this review, usage of the fluctuation theorem in experiments on motor proteins is illustrated for biologists, especially those who study mechanobiology, in which force measurement is a central issue. We first introduce the application of the fluctuation theorem in measuring the rotary torque of the rotary motor protein F1-ATPase. Next, as an extension of this application, a recent trial estimating the force generated during cargo transport in vivo by the microtubule motors kinesin and dynein is introduced. Elucidation of the physical mechanism of such transport is important, especially for neurons, in which deficits in cargo transport are deeply related to neuronal diseases. Finally, perspectives on the fluctuation theorem as a new technique in the field of neuroscience are discussed.
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