用中微子强度干涉测量原中子星半径的可行性研究
On The Feasibility Of Using Neutrino Intensity Interferometry To Measure Proto-Neutron Star Radii
摘要：
最近的分析表明，中微子对的两点关联函数可能包含有关银河系核心坍缩超新星中形成的原中子星大小的信息。关于源的大小的信息通过中微子等效的强度干涉测量法出现，最初由Hanbury-Brown和Twiss使用光子测量恒星的半径。然而，中微子强度干涉测量法对超新星中微子的分析演示做出了一些近似：两个中微子具有相等的能量，中微子同时从两个点发射，并在与发射点形成平面的两个检测点同时被检测到。这些近似需要放松，以更好地确定中微子强度干涉测量的可行性超新星中微子在一个更现实的情况。在本文中，我们进一步研究的超新星中微子的强度干涉测量的可行性，通过放宽所有的近似在早期的研究。我们发现，虽然放松任何一个假设减少了相关信号，放松的假设，相等的检测次数是迄今为止最大的不利因素。对于能量为$\sim$ 15 MeV，超新星距离L = 10 kpc的中微子，如果初始中微子波包的大小为$σ_x \sim 10^{-11}\;{\rm cm}$，为了观察中微子对的两点关联函数中的干涉图样，探测器的时间分辨率需要达到$\lesssim 10^{-21}\;{\rm s}$的量级.
英文摘要：
It has recently been demonstrated analytically that the two-point correlation function for pairs of neutrinos may contain information about the size of the proto-neutron star formed in a Galactic core-collapse supernova. The information about the size of the source emerges via the neutrino equivalent of intensity interferometry originally used by Hanbury-Brown and Twiss with photons to measure the radii of stars. However the analytic demonstration of neutrino intensity interferometry with supernova neutrinos made a number of approximations: that the two neutrinos had equal energies, the neutrinos were emitted at simultaneous times from two points and were detected simultaneously at two detection points that formed a plane with the emission points. These approximations need to be relaxed in order to better determine the feasibility of neutrino intensity interferometry for supernovae neutrinos in a more realistic scenario. In this paper we further investigate the feasibility of intensity interferometry for supernova neutrinos by relaxing all the approximations made in the earlier study. We find that, while relaxing any one assumption reduces the correlation signal, the relaxation of the assumption of equal times of detection is by far the largest detrimental factor. For neutrino energies of order $\sim$15 MeV and a supernova distance of L = 10 kpc, we show that in order to observe the interference pattern in the two-point correlation function of the neutrino pairs, the timing resolution of a detector needs to be on the order of $\lesssim 10^{-21}\;{\rm s}$ if the initial neutrino wave packet has a size of $σ_x \sim 10^{-11}\;{\rm cm}$.
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