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arXiv 1806.11547cs.DCcs.AR
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使用英特尔FPGA探索低数值精度深度学习推理

Exploration of Low Numeric Precision Deep Learning Inference Using Intel FPGAs

Philip Colangelo, Nasibeh Nasiri, Asit Mishra, Eriko Nurvitadhi, Martin Margala, Kevin Nealis

摘要:

CNN已经被证明在量化到较低精度时保持合理的分类精度。量化到低于8位的激活和权重可能导致精度下降到可接受的阈值以下。存在用于通常通过增加计算来缩小有限数值精度的精度差距的技术。这导致吞吐量和准确性之间的权衡,并且可以通过激活和权重数据宽度的各种组合针对不同的网络进行定制。FPGA等硬件架构通过独特的逻辑配置提供了数据宽度特定计算的机会,从而实现了全精度网络无法实现的高度优化处理。三进制和二进制加权网络分别为2位和1位数据提供了一种有效的推理方法。大多数硬件架构可以利用较小数据路径带来的内存存储和带宽节省,但很少有架构可以利用计算级别的有限数值精度。在本文中,我们提出了一种硬件设计的FPGA,利用带宽,内存,功耗和计算有限的数值精度数据的节省。我们提供了对各种网络的吞吐量和准确性之间的权衡以及它们如何映射到我们的框架的见解。此外,我们还展示了对于三进制和二进制情况,有限的数字精度计算如何有效地映射到FPGA上。从Arria 10开始,我们展示了一个在硬件中运行的2位激活和三进制加权的AlexNet,它在ImageNet数据集上每秒可实现3,700张图像,前1精度为0.49。使用为我们的低数值精度框架设计的硬件建模器,我们对运行修改后的ResNet-34的55.5 TOPS Stratix 10设备的性能进行了最显著的预测,与单精度的相比,精度仅下降了3.7%。

英文摘要:

CNNs have been shown to maintain reasonable classification accuracy when quantized to lower precisions. Quantizing to sub 8-bit activations and weights can result in accuracy falling below an acceptable threshold. Techniques exist for closing the accuracy gap of limited numeric precision typically by increasing computation. This results in a trade-off between throughput and accuracy and can be tailored for different networks through various combinations of activation and weight data widths. Hardware architectures like FPGAs provide the opportunity for data width specific computation through unique logic configurations leading to highly optimized processing that is unattainable by full precision networks. Ternary and binary weighted networks offer an efficient method of inference for 2-bit and 1-bit data respectively. Most hardware architectures can take advantage of the memory storage and bandwidth savings that come along with smaller datapaths, but very few architectures can take advantage of limited numeric precision at the computation level. In this paper, we present a hardware design for FPGAs that takes advantage of bandwidth, memory, power, and computation savings of limited numerical precision data. We provide insights into the trade-offs between throughput and accuracy for various networks and how they map to our framework. Further, we show how limited numeric precision computation can be efficiently mapped onto FPGAs for both ternary and binary cases. Starting with Arria 10, we show a 2-bit activation and ternary weighted AlexNet running in hardware that achieves 3,700 images per second on the ImageNet dataset with a top-1 accuracy of 0.49. Using a hardware modeler designed for our low numeric precision framework we project performance most notably for a 55.5 TOPS Stratix 10 device running a modified ResNet-34 with only 3.7% accuracy degradation compared with single precision.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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